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Written by distinguished Chinese academics, this book provides a unique and rare insight into the development of the modern Chinese economy. The authors identify three major factors in the growth of the Chinese economy: economic decentralization and political centralization; the urbanrural divide; and relational society. These are explored in depth via analyses of factors including urban and rural economic development and their political and social foundations, industrial agglomeration, transitions of public services and governmental responsibilities towards them and developmental imbalances and mechanisms. It is illustrated that whilst contemporary China has obviously made great economic strides, a wide variety of problems are accumulating over time. The book concludes that following three decades of high economic growth, China now faces great challenges for sustainable growth, and the institutions of China's economy have reached a critical point. Strategies for dealing with these challenges and requirements for the successful future development of China are thus prescribed. This fascinating book will provide a stimulating read for scholars, students and researchers in the fields of Asian studies, economics and development.
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First Published in 2013. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
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This authoritative volume examines the major laws, regulations and guidelines related to pharmaceutical product development in China. With a focus on patent, clinical and registration strategies, the book helps Western companies introduce their clinical drugs to the Chinese market, determine a strategic path and bridge the gap for regulatory and legal differences between China and the Western world. For a better understanding of the drug registration process, it explores the differences between the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)—including its regulations and registration procedures—and those of the Western world. The volume discusses disparities between China's application requirements compared to Western standards to make it easier for companies to prepare their application packages. It also provides detailed commentary on CFDA guidelines in reference to clinical trial (IND) and market application (NDA) requirements. Overall, this book offers guidance for Western companies aspiring to expand into China’s pharmaceutical market in hopes that they may gain a fundamental understanding of its rules and complexities in order to ensure a smooth transition and prevent future issues.
Biomedicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Médecine --- Techniques pharmaceutiques --- Drug development -- China. --- Pharmaceutical industry -- China. --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Pharmaceutical industry --- Drug development --- Development of drugs --- Drugs --- New drug development --- Drug industry --- Drug trade --- Development --- Pharmacology --- Pharmacy --- Medicine industry --- Medicines industry --- Prescription medicine industry --- Chemical industry --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology
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This book is an empirical study on the relationship between private enterprises, entrepreneurs and the government in P. R. China. The two authors conducted a detailed survey of enterprises and entrepreneurs in Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Although it was only conducted in a medium sized city, the survey provides a rare source of information on matched entrepreneur-enterprise pairs. It provides detailed information on management, performance, enterprise-government relationship, as well as entrepreneurs' personal information and measurements of various psychological parameters. With this first-hand information, the authors analyzed several interesting issues concerning enterprise-entrepreneur-government relationships. Readers will gain an understanding of the following topics: Why and how does China have such special enterprise-entrepreneur-government relationships? Do enterprises' political connections in the form of entrepreneurs' political status help improve the performances of these enterprises? Which of the surveyed entrepreneurs could become members of the People's Congress and the People's Political Consulting Conference? How do entrepreneurs feel when they are faced with greater government intervention? How will China move ahead in the ongoing reform and development in the light of the enterprise-entrepreneur-government relationship? This book examines the way in which China's enterprise-entrepreneur-government relationship helps enterprises develop in a transitional market. In the appendix to this book, one of the authors, Ming Lu, provides evidence, based on data from listed companies, that having political connections can help enterprises enter the markets of provinces other than their place of registration. However, this political connection also distorts the market by giving the entrepreneurs more opportunities to develop their business. At the same time, those entrepren eurs who face interventions from the government also shoulder greater costs in the form of loss of psychological happiness. The inference of this book is that at some point in the foreseeable future, China will gradually build its market system and integrate its domestic markets, so that private enterprises will no longer rely so heavily on their political connections.
Economic History --- Business & Economics --- Free enterprise --- Entrepreneurship --- Entrepreneurship. --- Economic policy. --- Economic Policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators
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This book explains the relationships between equality and efficiency, as well as between government and market, in urban-rural and regional development by providing theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence. Urban-rural development in China is understood from a regional perspective, while the core issue of urban-rural and regional development is cross-regional resource reallocation driven by the trends of globalization, marketization and urbanization and their influence on growth and inequality. The book puts forward the following arguments: An urban-rural and regional balance should not be achieved by limiting agglomeration effects in eastern regions. For some time now, China has lacked a suitable mechanism to enable residents in underdeveloped and rural areas to share in the achievements of economic agglomeration. As a result, China should not slow down economic agglomeration and development in eastern regions simply by depending on administrative means to balance urban-rural and regional development. In the final analysis, arriving at a regional balance depends on growth in the eastern regions, provided a reasonable mechanism is implemented to enable inland areas to share in the development achievements of eastern regions. In turn, finding an urban-regional balance rests on urban development, as long as more rural workers can move to and prosper in cities.
Regional planning --- China --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- Economic growth. --- Economics. --- Economic policy. --- Economic Growth. --- Political Economy/Economic Systems. --- Economic Policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse
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Economic order --- Economic growth --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economics --- Business management --- Business economics --- financieel management --- bedrijfseconomie --- economie --- economische politiek --- economische systemen --- economische groei --- China
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This book explains the relationships between equality and efficiency, as well as between government and market, in urban-rural and regional development by providing theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence. Urban-rural development in China is understood from a regional perspective, while the core issue of urban-rural and regional development is cross-regional resource reallocation driven by the trends of globalization, marketization and urbanization and their influence on growth and inequality. The book puts forward the following arguments: An urban-rural and regional balance should not be achieved by limiting agglomeration effects in eastern regions. For some time now, China has lacked a suitable mechanism to enable residents in underdeveloped and rural areas to share in the achievements of economic agglomeration. As a result, China should not slow down economic agglomeration and development in eastern regions simply by depending on administrative means to balance urban-rural and regional development. In the final analysis, arriving at a regional balance depends on growth in the eastern regions, provided a reasonable mechanism is implemented to enable inland areas to share in the development achievements of eastern regions. In turn, finding an urban-regional balance rests on urban development, as long as more rural workers can move to and prosper in cities.
Economic order --- Economic growth --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economics --- Business management --- Business economics --- financieel management --- bedrijfseconomie --- economie --- economische politiek --- economische systemen --- economische groei --- China
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This authoritative volume examines the major laws, regulations and guidelines related to pharmaceutical product development in China. With a focus on patent, clinical and registration strategies, the book helps Western companies introduce their clinical drugs to the Chinese market, determine a strategic path and bridge the gap for regulatory and legal differences between China and the Western world. For a better understanding of the drug registration process, it explores the differences between the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)—including its regulations and registration procedures—and those of the Western world. The volume discusses disparities between China's application requirements compared to Western standards to make it easier for companies to prepare their application packages. It also provides detailed commentary on CFDA guidelines in reference to clinical trial (IND) and market application (NDA) requirements. Overall, this book offers guidance for Western companies aspiring to expand into China’s pharmaceutical market in hopes that they may gain a fundamental understanding of its rules and complexities in order to ensure a smooth transition and prevent future issues.
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Urbanization --- Economic development --- China --- India --- Social conditions. --- Economic conditions.
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This paper provides evidences of heterogeneous human-capital externality using CHIP 2002, 2007 and 2013 data from urban China. After instrumenting city-level education using the number of relocated university departments across cities in the 1950s, one year more city-level education increases individual hourly wage by 22.0 percent, more than twice the OLS estimate. Human-capital externality is found to be greater for all groups of urban residents in the instrumental variable estimation.
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