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This fourth edition of the well-established practitioner text sets out what constitutes an electronic signature, the form an electronic signature can take, and discusses the issues relating to evidence - illustrated by analysis of relevant case law and legislation from a wide range of common law and civil law jurisdictions. Stephen Mason is a leading authority on electronic signatures and electronic evidence, having advised global corporations and governments on these topics. He is also the editor of Electronic Evidence and International Electronic Evidence, and he founded the international open-source journal Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review in 2004. This book is also available online at http://ials.sas.ac.uk/digital/humanities-digital-library/observing-law-ials-open-book-service-law.

Digital signatures --- Contracts --- Data encryption (Computer science) --- Law and legislation --- Automation. --- Data encoding (Computer science) --- Encryption of data (Computer science) --- Computer security --- Cryptography --- Agreements --- Contract law --- Contractual limitations --- Limitations, Contractual --- Commercial law --- Legal instruments --- Obligations (Law) --- Juristic acts --- Liberty of contract --- Third parties (Law) --- Signatures, Digital --- Authentication --- Law and legislation. --- digital --- jurisdiction --- scan --- data protection --- intent --- GDPR --- case law

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Since the thirteenth century, the signature has been used to demonstrate proof of intent. This book puts the concept of the signature into a broad legal context, setting out the purposes and functions of a signature. Drawing on cases from common law jurisdictions across the world, this book demonstrates that judges expanded the meaning of the signature as technologies developed and were used in unanticipated ways. Following an overview of the historical methods used to demonstrate proof of intent and authentication, the book considers the judicial response to the variations in form that signatures have been subject to over the past two hundred years, from initials, partial signatures, and fingerprints to rubber stamps and typewriting. Past judicial decision-making not only demonstrates the flexibility of the form a signature can take but also confirms that judges had the flexibility of mind to accept the first forms of electronic signature (telex, facsimile transmission) without the aid of special legislation. In this way, the signature is a prime example of the inherent flexibility of the English common law.

Legal documents. --- Documents --- Documents, Legal --- Authentication --- Commercial documents --- Legal instruments --- Legalization

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Computer files --- Electronic discovery (Law) --- Electronic evidence --- Electronic records --- Evidence, Documentary --- Law and legislation --- Law and legislation

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Molecular evolution. --- 54.01 --- Molecular evolution --- 524.86 --- 54 --- Chemische evolutie --- Biochemical evolution --- Chemical evolution --- Evolution --- Life --- Molecular biology --- Chemical substances and systems. Origin. Occurrence. Phases --- Origin and formation of the elements --- Origin --- 524.86 Origin and formation of the elements --- 54.01 Chemical substances and systems. Origin. Occurrence. Phases