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International relations. Foreign policy --- United States --- World politics --- Politique mondiale --- Etats-Unis --- Military policy. --- Foreign relations. --- Politique militaire --- Relations extérieures --- Relations extérieures --- United States of America

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This book demonstrates how, after many years of inactivity after the World War II tribunals, judges at the Yugoslav, Rwanda and Sierra Leone tribunals, and to a lesser extent the International Criminal Court, have seized the opportunity to develop international law on war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. Meernik and Aloisi argue that judges are motivated by a concern for human rights protection and the legacy of international criminal justice. They have progressively expanded the reach of international law to protect human rights and have used the power of their own words to condemn human rights atrocities. Judges have sentenced the guilty to lengthy and predictable terms in prison to provide justice, deterrence of future violations and even to advance peace and reconciliation. On judgment day, we show that judges have sought to enhance the power of international justice.

International criminal courts. --- Judgments. --- Judicial power. --- Criminal procedure (International law). --- Human rights. --- Criminal justice, Administration of. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- International criminal procedure --- International criminal law --- Judiciary --- Justiciability --- Power, Judicial --- Constitutional law --- Courts --- Implied powers (Constitutional law) --- Judicial independence --- Separation of powers --- Court decisions --- Court rulings --- Civil procedure --- Criminal procedure --- Estoppel --- Judges --- Judicial process --- Jurisdiction --- Stare decisis --- Criminal courts --- International courts --- Complementarity (International law) --- Administration of criminal justice --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Justice, Administration of --- Crime --- Criminal law --- Criminals --- Law and legislation

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This book provides the most comprehensive and scientific assessment to date of what it means to appear before war crimes tribunals. This ground-breaking analysis, conducted with the cooperation of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) Victims and Witnesses Section, examines the positive and negative impact that testifying has on those who bear witness to the horrors of war by shedding new light on the process. While most witnesses have positive feelings and believe they contributed to international justice, there is a small but critical segment of witnesses whose security, health, and well-being are adversely affected after testifying. The witness experience is examined holistically, including witness' perceptions of their physical and psychological well-being. Because identity (gender and ethnicity) and war trauma were central to the ICTY's mandate and the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, the research explores in-depth how they have impacted the most critical stakeholders of any transitional justice mechanism: the witnesses.

War crime trials --- Witnesses --- War victims --- Victims of crimes (International law) --- Victims of international crimes --- International criminal law --- Victims of war --- Victims --- Testimony --- Evidence (Law) --- Eyewitness identification --- Trials (War crimes) --- Trials (Crimes against humanity) --- Trials (Genocide) --- Trials --- Social aspects --- Attitudes. --- International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. --- Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals --- International Tribunal to Adjudicate War Crimes Committed in the Former Yugoslavia --- International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia --- International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia --- Tribunal pénal international pour l'Ex-Yougoslavie --- ICTY --- TPIY --- Tribunal international chargé de poursuivre les personnes présumées responsables de violations graves du droit international humanitaire commises sur le territoire de l'ex-Yougoslavie depuis 1991 --- Međunarodni trubunal za suđenje licima odgovornim za teške povrede međunarodnog humanitarnog prava na teritoriji bivše Jugoslavije od 1991. godine --- Haški tribunal --- United Nations. --- Hague Tribunal --- Internationaler Strafgerichtshof in Den Haag --- Haiya shen pan --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ tribunal po byvsheĭ I︠U︡goslavii --- MTBI︠U︡

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The United States utilizes a vast arsenal of foreign policy tools to induce, compel, and deter changes in other nations' foreign policies. Traditionally, U.S. foreign policy research focuses on the degree of success the U.S. Government has achieved when seeking specific objectives such as improvements in human rights conditions, democratic change, trade policies, and a host of other goals. In this Letort Paper, the author analyzes the extent to which intrastate and interstate conflict and terrorism in other nations are influenced by the depth and breadth of their military and foreign policy relationships with the United States. More specifically, he empirically analyzes the degree to which U.S. military and foreign policies such as the stationing of U.S. military personnel; the use of military force; the provision of foreign assistance, as well as a more general similarity of foreign policy interests between the United States and a foreign regime are statistically related to interstate and intrastate conflict and terrorist activity. The paper will better enable policymakers to identify which nations are most likely to become potential threats to American interests, and determine which mix of policy options works best in preventing the outbreak of terrorism and conflict within and among nations.

Diplomacy. --- International relations. --- Political stability --- United States --- Military relations. --- Foreign relations --- Forecasting. --- Military policy.

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Some injustices are so massive, so heinous, and so extraordinary that ordinary courts are no longer adequate. The creation of international courts and tribunals to confront major violations of human rights sought to bring justice to affected communities as well as to the entire world. Yet if justice is a righting of the imbalance between what has happened and what is reflected in the law, no amount of punishment and no judgment could compensate for that suffering and loss. In order to understand the meaning of justice, James David Meernik and Kimi Lynn King studied the perspective of witnesses who have testified before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Using a unique survey, Meernik and King look at the identity of the victims and their perception of the fairness of ICTY. Because of the need to justify the practical and emotional difficulties involved in testifying before an international tribunal, witnesses look not just to the institution to judge its effectiveness, but also to their own contribution, by testifying effectively. The central elements of the theory Meernik and King develop-identity, fairness, and experience-transcend specific conflicts and countries and are of importance to people everywhere.

Victims of crimes (International law) --- Witnesses --- International criminal courts. --- Legal status, laws, etc.