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Hurricane protection --- Flood control --- Flood damage prevention --- Flood hazard mitigation --- Flood proofing --- Flood protection --- Floodproofing --- City planning --- Floods --- Hazard mitigation --- Flood prevention --- Prevention of floods --- Rivers --- Forest influences --- Hurricane control --- Hurricane rehabilitation, Long-range --- Hurricanes --- Regional planning --- Prevention --- Regulation
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RAND researchers partnered with the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board and American Institutes for Research to support the state's developmental education reform efforts through a combination of continuous improvement support and analysis of statewide data on implementation. One of the reforms examined through the study was the state's recommendation that colleges should offer targeted academic support to students who tested at the lowest levels on the state placement exam (i.e., below the ninth-grade level) beginning in fall 2015. To support colleges, Texas policymakers offered resources and guidance in three areas: (1) new, detailed assessment scores that were developed to better identify students entering at the lowest levels of readiness; (2) course offerings and funding that allow colleges to offer concurrent academic support alongside entry-level courses; and (3) guidance and funding to support the referral of students to adult education and continuing education programs. This report describes findings from the study, including a description of the recommendations and resources offered by the state; a discussion of the students targeted with these new reforms; and findings on the implementation of the state-recommended reforms by community colleges and the challenges colleges faced with implementation. The report also highlights lessons learned for colleges in Texas and across the nation as they explore options for serving students who test at the lowest levels of readiness.
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"This report aims to describe existing competency-based degrees and certificate prgorams in Texas; to summarize the national landscape for competency based programs, including the perceived benefits and limitations; and to suggest some potential areas for focus as the state of Texas and higher-education institutions explore the possibility of further expanding these programs"-- Preface.
Competency-based education --- State universities and colleges --- Education, Higher --- Education, Special Topics --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Colleges, State --- Land-grant colleges --- State colleges --- Universities, State --- Competency training --- OBE (Education) --- Outcome-based education --- Outcomes-based education --- Performance-based education --- Public universities and colleges --- Texas. --- 1835 --- Akałii Bikéyah --- Civitas Texiae --- Dekesasi --- Dekesasi zhou --- Estado de Texas --- Kekeka --- Medinat Ṭeḳsas --- Politeia tou Texas --- Republic of Texas --- Shtat Tėkhas --- State of Texas --- Taaksaas --- Teeksăs --- Tejas --- Tekhas --- Tekisasu --- Tekisasu-sh --- Tekisasush --- Teksas --- Teksas Eyaleti --- Teksasa --- Teksasas --- Teksaso --- Teksasos --- T'eksas --- T'eksasŭ-ju --- T'eksasŭju --- Ṭeḳses --- Téʼsiz Hahoodzo --- Tet-khiet-sat-s --- Texas (Province) --- Texas (Republic) --- Texas suyu --- Texia --- Tiksās --- TX --- Wilāyat Tiksās --- Mexico
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The reserves are increasingly being called on to take part in the nation's military operations. This has brought new importance to reserve readiness, but at times during 2004 to 2009 the Army National Guard, the Army Reserve, and the Marine Corps Reserve experienced manning shortfalls that were due in part to an inadequate inflow of recruits. A major source of reserve manpower is the flow of enlisted members from an active component (AC) to a reserve component (RC). This volume examines how effective RC bonuses are in attracting prior service members and, in doing so, explores how AC and RC bonuses interact to affect both AC reenlistment and prior service enlistment in the Selected Reserve. It presents a theoretical model of a service member's decision to stay in the AC, join the RC, or become a civilian; offers empirical estimates of the effect of bonuses, deployment, and other factors on this decision; and develops models of bonus setting based on these estimates. A key finding is that higher RC bonuses increase RC enlistment, but they also decrease AC reenlistment; likewise, higher AC bonuses increase AC reenlistment and decrease RC enlistment. These cross-effects are a result of rational supply behavior and cannot be eliminated, but awareness of them and coordination between AC and RC bonus setters can help ensure that bonus budgets are set appropriately and used efficiently.
United States --- United States --- United States --- United States --- Armed Forces --- Pay, allowances, etc. --- Armed Forces --- Reserves --- Pay, allowances, etc. --- Armed Forces --- Recruiting, enlistment, etc. --- Armed Forces --- Reserves --- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.
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United States --- United States --- United States --- Armed Forces --- Minorities. --- Armed Forces --- Officers. --- Armed Forces --- Women.
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Until recently, many colleges provided academic support to students by requiring students to complete one or more developmental education courses in a subject area before they could enroll in college-level coursework. As early as 2010, research indicated that very few students were making it out of these developmental education courses and into credit-bearing coursework. Colleges have been experimenting with new approaches that accelerate students into college courses. In this study, researchers focus on one of these approaches to acceleration: corequisite remediation. Corequisite remediation requires that students who are identified as requiring additional academic support be placed immediately into a college course while receiving aligned academic support during that same semester. Research has shown that corequisite remediation has positive impacts on academic outcomes relative to the traditional approach of requiring students to take developmental education courses. However, little is known about how student experiences differ in corequisite remediation relative to developmental education courses. In this report, researchers use data from a randomized control trial at five community colleges in Texas to examine contrasts in student experiences between college students who were assigned either to corequisite remediation or to standalone developmental education courses. Researchers examined eight areas: (1) early opportunities to make progress, (2) intensity and compression of academic practice, (3) rigor of coursework and expectations, (4) alignment of academic remediation with college coursework, (5) opportunities for student-centered learning, (6) opportunities for peer learning, (7) support for success skills (e.g., study skills, social and emotional competencies), and (8) exposure to stigma.
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"An ongoing concern in the Department of Defense is the lack of diversity among officers in the senior ranks. To address the gap in quantitative information on differences in the career progression of officers based on gender, as well as the factors that explain these differences, the authors analyzed career progression as a series of retention and promotion outcomes, using longitudinal data on officers to track cohorts of officers over their careers. The data include information on job-related characteristics, such as occupation, source of commission, and deployments, and on individual characteristics, such age and marital status (including dual-military status). The report finds that gender differences in career progression can be explained partly by differences in job-related and individual characteristics and partly by differences in the association between these characteristics and the likelihood of achieving a given career milestone. For example, male and female officers with the same family status, in terms of marital status and age and presence of children, had different likelihoods of reaching several career milestones. Policies that reduce differences in job and individual characteristics will contribute to reducing the gender gap in officer career progression but will not eliminate it. Additional attention must be given to structural factors, including how retention decisions and the promotion process differ for male and female officers with the same characteristics, and to potential differences in factors that are more difficult to observe, such as gender differences in attitudes toward military service and performance"--Back cover.
Discrimination in employment --- Sex discrimination in employment --- United States. --- Personnel management. --- United States --- Armed Forces --- Women. --- Officers. --- Minorities.
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The United States faces an unprecedented mental health crisis, with youth and young adults at the center. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly 50 percent of college students reported at least one mental health concern. The COVID-19 pandemic notably exacerbated these issues and underscored the urgent need to identify and implement ways to ameliorate the youth mental health crisis. In 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine called on the field of higher education to address growing concerns about student mental health by identifying and elevating emerging and promising approaches that offer a more holistic way to support students' mental health. Serving as the main entry point for more than 40 percent of students seeking a postsecondary degree, community colleges represent a tremendous and untapped opportunity to better address mental health in the United States, particularly for students who have been traditionally underserved (e.g., students of color, first-generation students, and low-income students). However, community colleges have limited evidence and guidance to inform the implementation of multilevel, holistic approaches to support students with varying mental health needs. To address this knowledge gap, this report shares a descriptive study of eight community colleges at the forefront of implementing multilevel approaches (a combination of prevention, early intervention, and treatment services) to support student mental health, as well as key facilitators for and barriers to their success.
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"Service members have access to a variety of education benefits. A primary purpose of these benefits is to assist service members' transitions back to civilian life, but the benefits likely have implications for recruiting and retention as well. This research for the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness takes a mixed-methods approach to examine the effects of education benefit programs on recruiting and retention-related outcomes, and to assess how the two largest education benefits may work together. As part of the study, RAND researchers examine Internet search data, qualitative data from focus groups with new service members and interviews with college counselors, survey data in which service members report their plans to use education benefits, and quantitative data on the Post-9/11 GI Bill and Tuition Assistance, as well as information from service members' administrative records. One main finding is that the passage of the Post-9/11 GI Bill appears to have had relatively small effects on recruiting and retention. A likely reason for this is that service members appear to lack a detailed understanding of this benefit, especially in their early careers. Another main finding is that service members appear to use both the Tuition Assistance and Post-9/11 GI Bill programs together to further their education"--Publisher's description.
Veterans --- Soldiers --- Education --- Education, Non-military --- Recruiting, enlistment, etc. --- Services for
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