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Philosophy, French --- Philosophie française --- Bayle, Pierre, --- Criticism and interpretation --- Critique et interprétation --- Philosophie française --- Critique et interprétation --- Bayle, Pierre, - 1647-1706 --- Criticism and interpretation.

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Examining the birth and development of early modern atheism from Spinoza's Tractatus theologico-politicus (1670) to d'Holbach's Système de la nature (1770), this study considers Spinoza, Hobbes, Cudworth, Bayle, Meslier, Boulainviller, Du Marsais, Fréret, Toland, Collins, Hume, Diderot, Voltaire, and d'Holbach and positions them in a general interpretive scheme, based on the idea that early modern atheism is itself an unwanted fruit of early modern metaphysics and theology.Breaking with a long-standing tradition, Descartes claimed that it was possible to have a "clear and distinct" idea of God, indeed that the idea of God was the "clearest and most distinct" of all ideas accessible to the human mind. Humans could thus obtain a scientific knowledge of God's nature and attributes. But as soon as God became an object of science, He also became the object of a thoroughgoing scientific analysis and criticism.The effortlessness with which early modern atheists managed to turn round their adversaries' arguments to their own favour is a sign that the new doctrines of God which emerged in the seventeenth-century, each based in its own way on principles and dogmas related to the new science of nature, were plunging headfirst towards the precipice under their own steam.

Atheism. --- Atheism --- Philosophy --- Agnosticism --- Free thought --- Irreligion --- Religion --- Secularism --- Theism --- History --- Spinoza, Benedictus de, --- Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry, --- Natural theology --- Système de la nature (Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry, baron d') --- Tractatus theologico-politicus (Spinoza, Benedictus de) --- 1600-1799 --- Philosophy and religion --- Enlightenment --- History. --- de Spinoza, Benedictus --- d'Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry --- von Holbach, Paul Heinrich Dietrich --- Holbach, Paul Henri Thiery, --- Holbach, Paul Heinrich Dietrich, --- Thiry, Paul Henri, --- Thiery, Paul Henri, --- Thierry, Paul Henri, --- Dietrich, Paul Henri, --- Thyry, Paul Henri, --- Holbach, Paul Thiry, --- Holbach, --- D'Holbach, --- M. D***, --- D***, --- Ancien magistrat, --- Bernier, --- Olbach, --- Orbach, --- Halbach, --- Holbah, Pol, --- Golʹbakh, Polʹ, --- Holbakh, Pol, --- Ispīnūzā, --- Spinoza, Baruch, --- Espinoza, Baruch d', --- Sbīnūzā, --- Espinosa, Baruch de, --- Shpinozah, --- Shpinozah, Barukh, --- Spinoza, Benedict de, --- Spinoza, Barukh, --- Spinoza, Baruch de, --- Spinoza, Benoît de, --- ספינאזא, ברוך דע --- ספינאזא, ברוך, --- שפימוזה, ברוך --- שפינאזא, בענעדיקט --- שפינאזא, ברוך --- שפינאזע, ברוך --- שפינוזא, בנדיקטוס --- שפינוזהת ברוך, --- שפינוזה, ברוך --- שפינוזה, ברוך די, --- שפינוזה, ברוך, --- שפינוזה, ב. --- سبينوزا، بندكتس --- Spinoza, Benedictus de --- Spinoza, Baruch --- Spinoza, Benedict de

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Atheism --- Atheism. --- History --- Spinoza, Benedictus de, --- Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry, --- Système de la nature (Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry, baron d') --- Tractatus theologico-politicus (Spinoza, Benedictus de) --- 1600-1799

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Atheism in literature --- Underground literature --- Philosophy and religion --- Athéisme dans la littérature --- Littérature clandestine --- Philosophie et religion --- History --- Histoire --- Athéisme dans la littérature --- Littérature clandestine --- Atheism --- 18th century --- France

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Rédigé en 1659, le Theophrastus redivivus est l'un des ouvrages clandestins les plus étendus (environ mille pages de texte), les plus radicaux (athée et anticonformiste sous tous les angles), et les plus mystérieux de l'âge moderne : depuis presque quatre cent ans l'identité de son auteur est demeurée inconnue. Cette étude ouvre un jour nouveau sur la question en proposant d'attribuer le Theophrastus redivivus au médecin parisien Guy Patin, qui l'aurait rédigé dans le cadre d'un projet conçu en collaboration avec ses amis Gabriel Naudé et Pierre Gassendi. L'attribution se fonde sur un corpus substantiel d'indices textuels, biographiques, bibliographiques, qui s'agencent de façon cohérente avec l'analyse du contenu philosophique de l'ouvrage, comparé aux textes avoués de Patin et de ses compagnons de "débauches philosophiques" . Il en ressort une vision entièrement nouvelle de la libre pensée, et plus généralement de la philosophie, du XVIIe siècle, dont l'analyse doit se fonder désormais sur une catégorie - celle de la dissimulation - qui, seule, permet d'expliquer le contexte de la lutte des idées à l'âge de la "crise de la conscience européenne".

Natural theology --- anno 1600-1699 --- Atheism and literature --- History --- Patin, Guy, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Theophrastus redivivus --- Criticism, Textual. --- 211.4 --- 211 --- 211 Dieu. Etre supreme. Infini: deisme; theisme; atheisme --- 211 God. Opperwezen. Oneindige: deïsme; theïsme; atheïsme --- Dieu. Etre supreme. Infini: deisme; theisme; atheisme --- God. Opperwezen. Oneindige: deïsme; theïsme; atheïsme --- 211.4 Antigodsdienstige stellingen --- Antigodsdienstige stellingen --- Patin, Guy, 1601-1672 --- Athéisme --- Médecins --- Philosophie des sciences --- Religion et médecine. --- Libre pensée --- Patin, Guy --- Naudé, Gabriel --- Gassendi, Pierre --- Critique et interprétation.