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Arid regions --- Sustainable development --- Drought management --- Poverty --- Economic conditions --- Government policy --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Social policy.

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Fertilizer use in Africa as compared to other developing regions has been limited. What types of policies and programs are needed to realize the potential benefits of fertilizer in African agriculture? This book summarizes key lessons learned from past efforts to promote fertilizer in Africa, provides an overview of the current state of knowledge concerning technical aspects of fertilizer use in Africa, and presents good practice guidelines for promoting sustainable increases in fertilizer use.

Third World: agricultural and food problems --- Fertilizer industry --- Fertilizers --- Agriculture and state --- Agricultural chemicals industry --- Artificial fertilizers --- Chemical fertilizers --- Crops --- Fertilisers --- Fertilization of soils --- Fertilizers and manures --- Field crops --- Soils --- Agricultural chemicals --- Plants --- Soil amendments --- Soil fertility --- Fertilization --- Nutrition

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Following the so-called "Golden Decade" (2003-2013) of rapid development and strong improvements in social indicators, economic growth has stalled in Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC). Today, the external environment no longer provides tailwinds to foster an economic rebound. Foreign direct investment has moderated, trade has slowed amid elevated tensions, financing conditions are tightening, and commodity prices are expected to remain flat in the short and medium term. The region therefore needs to find internal sources of growth and focus on a productivity-enhancing reform agenda. The report analyzes the structural transformation process in LAC and evaluates if the "premature de-industrialization" patterns observed in the data are a result of distortive policies or if they represent an efficient reallocation of resources responding to the underlying drivers of structural transformation. An important message of the report is that policy makers should not focus on sectoral size but rather on productivity growth. The emergence of new technologies--under the banner of the "Fourth Industrial Revolution"--suggests that opportunities for further industrialization or re-industrialization are likely to be limited in many developing countries. Looking forward, the region needs to develop a productivity agenda with a special focus on the services sector. Already the largest employer in the region with over 60 percent of the workforce, the services sector is expected to grow even further and play an increasingly crucial role as an input provider to the larger economy. In short, there is a need for a comprehensive set of service-sector oriented policies. The report concludes that three major economic forces are changing the nature of work and the demand for skills. First, the structural transformation process and the de-industrialization pattern observed for the economies in the region imply that future job growth will occur mainly in the services sector. Second, the shift in economic structure is being accompanied by a transformation of the occupational structure within broad economic sectors. The importance of service occupations-those that produce intangible value-added such as marketers, managers, designers--is increasing in all sectors of the economy. Third, as machines replace humans in carrying out simpler, more routine tasks, workers will have to adapt and perform a different set of tasks in the workplace. Adult learning and re-training may become more important as new automation technologies are adopted in LAC countries--

Labor market --- Service industries --- Latin America --- Caribbean Area --- Economic conditions

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The authors offer a series of applied methods, amply illustrated with research results, for data collection and analysis related to agricultural marketing in developing countries.

SOCIAL SCIENCE / Agriculture & Food (see also POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Agriculture & Food Policy).