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The story of the apocryphal pope and saint Gregorius was extremely popular throughout the middle ages and later in Europe and beyond. In a memorable narrative Gregorius is born from an incestuous relationship between a noble brother and sister, and is set out to sea with (unspecific) details of his origin. He is found and brought up by an abbot, but when revealed as a foundling leaves as a knight to seek his origins; he rescues his mother's land from attack, and marries her. On discovering his sin he undertakes years of penance on a rocky islet, which he survives miraculously. An angel sends emissaries from Rome to find him after the death of the pope, the key to his shackles is equally miraculously discovered, and he becomes pope. This hagiographical romance is not a variation upon Oedipus; it uses the invisible sin of incest as a parallel both for original sin (the sin of Adam and Eve) and for actual sin. It combines the universal theme of the quest for identity with the problem not of guilt as such, which is inevitable, but of how sinful humanity can cope with it. Brian Murdoch traces the story's probable origins in medieval England or France, and its later appearance in versions from Iceland and Ireland to Iraq and Egypt, in verse and prose, in full-scale literary forms or in much-reduced folktales, in theological as well as secular contexts, down to Thomas Mann and beyond.

Gregory I [Pope] --- Christian hagiography. --- Hagiographie chrétienne --- Gregory, --- Legends. --- Gregorius (Legendary character) --- Incest in literature --- Christian hagiography --- Hartmann, --- 235.3 "04/14" --- 235.3 GREGORIUS --- Hagiografie--Middeleeuwen --- Hagiografie--GREGORIUS --- Hagiographie chrétienne --- Gregorius peccator --- Hartmann, - von Aue, - active 12th century. - Gregorius

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This second volume of the set not only presents a detailed picture of the beginnings of writing in German from its first emergence as a literary language from around 750 to 1100, but also places those earliest writings into a context. The first stages of German literature existed within a manuscript culture, so careful consideration is given to what constitutes the actual texts, but German literature also arose within a society that had recently been Christianized - through the medium of Latin. Therefore what we understand by literature in Germany at this early period must include a great amount of writing in Latin. Thus the volume looks in detail at Latin works in prose and verse, but with an eye upon the interaction between Latin and German writings. Some of the material in the newly written German language is not literary in the modern sense of the word, but makes clear the difficulties and indeed the triumphs of the establishing of a written literary language. Individual chapters look first at the earliest translations and functional literature in German (including charms and prayers); next, the examination of heroic material juxtaposes the 'Hildebrandlied' with the Christian 'Ludwigslied' and with Latin writings like 'Waltharius' and the panegyrics; Otfrid's work - the Gospel-poem in German - is given its due prominence; the smaller German texts and the later prose works are fully treated; as is chronicle-writing in German and Latin. Old High German literature was a trickle compared to the flood of the Latin that surrounded (and influenced) it, but its importance is undeniable: that trickle became a river. Contributors: Linda Archibald, Graeme Dunphy, Stephen Penn, Christopher Wells, Jonathan West, Brian Murdoch. Brian Murdoch is Professor of German at the University of Stirling, Scotland.

German literature --- History --- 830 <09> --- 830 <09> Duitse literatuur--Geschiedenis van ... --- Duitse literatuur--Geschiedenis van ... --- History and criticism --- Duitse literatuur--Geschiedenis van .. --- Enlightenment --- Influence --- Classicism --- Pseudo-classicism --- Aesthetics --- Literature --- Civilization, Classical --- Civilization, Germanic --- Germanic literature --- Germanic peoples --- Literature, Medieval --- Germanic tribes --- Ethnology --- Indo-Europeans --- Teutonic race --- Germanic civilization --- Teutonic civilization --- Civilization --- Young Germany --- Sturm und Drang movement --- Storm and stress --- History and criticism. --- Influence. --- anno 1300-1399 --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- anno 1600-1699 --- Duitse literatuur--Geschiedenis van . --- Duitse literatuur--Geschiedenis van --- German literature - Middle High German, 1050-1500 - History and criticism. --- German literature - Early modern, 1500-1700 - History and criticism. --- Sturm und Drang movement. --- British literature. --- German literature. --- Goethe. --- North American literature. --- Romantic. --- Weimar Classicism. --- accomplishments. --- alienation. --- complex cultural system. --- cultural life. --- culture. --- division. --- drama. --- excesses. --- follies. --- fragmentation. --- human life. --- literary period. --- motifs. --- novel. --- philosophy. --- poetry. --- politics. --- preoccupations. --- science. --- shaping beliefs. --- theater. --- values. --- visual culture. --- women writers. --- Charms. --- Chronicles. --- Early Middle Ages. --- German Literature. --- Heroic Material. --- Hildebrandlied. --- Latin Influence. --- Literary Language. --- Ludwigslied. --- Manuscript Culture. --- Old High German Literature. --- Otfrid's Gospel-Poem. --- Prayers. --- Translations. --- Clayton Koelb. --- Drama. --- Eric Downing. --- Impressionism. --- Lyric Poetry. --- Music-Drama. --- Naturalism. --- Nineteenth-Century German Literature. --- Poetic Realism. --- Prose Fiction. --- Romanticism. --- Social and Political Context. --- Symbolism.

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Death still comes to everyman, but this study of three twentieth-century German plays shows the harder challenge of living without salvation in an age of war and unprecedented mass destruction.

German drama --- War in literature. --- History and criticism. --- Toller, Ernst, --- Borchert, Wolfgang, --- Frisch, Max, --- Death. --- Everyman. --- Existential Guilt. --- German Drama. --- Identity. --- Morality. --- Politics. --- Twentieth Century. --- War.

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Erich Maria Remarque is a writer of great popularity who has rightly been described as a "chronicler of the twentieth century." He is both a German writer and a genuinely international one. Although he spent much of his life in exile from Germany, most of his novels reflect its twentieth-century history: the two world wars and the Weimar and Nazi regimes, and especially their effects on the individual. His portrayals of the lives of refugees from Nazi Germany are especially vivid. His themes are universal, dealing with human relationships, with love in particular, and with the provisional nature of life. Often seen as a one-novel writer due to the immense success of All Quiet on the Western Front, Remarque wrote many other novels, major works that have nearly all been filmed and have remained popular. Nor should it be ignored that his works are above all else immensely readable: not a negligible criterion. This new study of Remarque's novels treats them as a chronicle of the century, but also looks at them as works that go beyond the reflection of historical events.

Remarque, Erich Maria, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Remarque, Erich Maria. --- Remarque, Erich Maria --- Remark, Erich Paul --- Remark, Erikh Marii̐a --- Ремарк, Эрих Мария --- Ремарк, Э. М., --- Remarque, E. M. --- Ремарк, Ерих Мария --- Ремаркъ, Ерихъ Мария --- Rimarḳ, Erikh Mariyah --- רמרק, אריך מריא, --- רמרק, אריך מריה, --- רעמארק, עריך מאריא, --- רעמארק, עריק מאריא --- רעמארק, ע. --- רעמארק, ע. מ. --- רימארק, אריך מאריה --- Rimārk, Irīsh Māriyā --- رمارک، اريش ماريا --- LITERARY CRITICISM / European / German. --- Black American Experience. --- Cinematic Representation. --- Erich Maria Remarque. --- Literary Adaptations. --- Love. --- Nazi Regimes. --- One-Novel Writer. --- Popular Literature. --- Provisional Nature of Life. --- Refugees. --- Twentieth Century. --- Weimar. --- World Wars.

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