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Ultrasonic transducers are key components in sensors for distance, flow and level measurement as well as in power, biomedical and other applications of ultrasound. Ultrasonic transducers reviews recent research in the design and application of this important technology. Part one provides an overview of materials and design of ultrasonic transducers. Piezoelectricity and basic configurations are explored in depth, along with electromagnetic acoustic transducers, and the use of ceramics, thin film and single crystals in ultrasonic transducers. Part two goes on to investigate modelling and characterisation, with performance modelling, electrical evaluation, laser Doppler vibrometry and optical visualisation all considered in detail. Applications of ultrasonic transducers are the focus of part three, beginning with a review of surface acoustic wave devices and air-borne ultrasound transducers, and going on to consider ultrasonic transducers for use at high temperature and in flaw detection systems, power, biomedical and micro-scale ultrasonics, therapeutic ultrasound devices, piezoelectric and fibre optic hydrophones, and ultrasonic motors are also described. With its distinguished editor and expert team of international contributors, Ultrasonic transducers is an authoritative review of key developments for engineers and materials scientists involved in this area of technology as well as in its applications in sectors as diverse as electronics, wireless communication and medical diagnostics. Reviews recent research in the design and application of ultrasonic transducersProvides an overview of the materials and design of ultrasonic transducers, with an in-depth exploration of piezoelectricity and basic configurationsInvestigates modelling and characterisation, applications of ultrasonic transducers, and ultrasonic transducers for use at high temperature and in flaw detection systems.

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Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a hyperostotic condition of the spine with severe neurological deficits. In 1975 the Investigation Committee for OPLL, under the auspices of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare, established diagnostic criteria for the condition, and with growing awareness of OPLL among Japanese researchers and spinal surgeons, the number of patients diagnosed with the condition in Japan has increased in recent years. As knowledge of OPLL has spread, there has also been an increase in the number of reported cases of the condition in other parts of the world: Asia, the United States, and Europe. Until now, however, little has been published on the subject in English; thus the appearance of this present volume is most timely. It brings together information on all aspects of OPLL - epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment - with contributions by Japanese researchers and surgeons, including members of the Ministry of Health and Welfare Investigation Committee, and by American surgeons with expertise in the field. This collection of reports on OPLL, amply augmented with illustrations, will be of special interest to orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons, and to neurologists, rheumatologists, neuroradiologists, and pathologists.

Posterior longitudinal ligament --- Ossification. --- Diseases. --- Ossification --- Spine --- Diseases --- Orthopedics. --- Orthopedic surgery. --- Neurosurgery. --- Rheumatology. --- Surgical Orthopedics. --- Internal medicine --- Connective tissues --- Joints --- Nerves --- Neurosurgery --- Operative orthopedics --- Orthopedics --- Surgery, Operative --- Orthopaedics --- Orthopedia --- Surgery

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