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"The initial occupational placements of male immigrants in the U.S. labor market vary significantly by country of origin even when education and other factors are taken into account. Does the heterogeneity persist over time? Using data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 U.S. Censuses, this study finds that the performance of migrants from countries with lower initial occupational placement levels improves at a higher rate compared with that of migrants originating from countries with higher initial levels. Nevertheless, the magnitude of convergence suggests full catch-up is unlikely. Country specific attributes are found to have less direct impact on the rate of assimilation than on the initial performance. "--World Bank web site.

Foreign workers --- Skilled labor

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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The authors investigate the occupational placement of immigrants in the U.S. labor market using census data. They find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after they control for individuals' age, experience, and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and industrial countries. A large part of the variation can be explained by attributes of the country of origin that influence the quality of human capital, such as expenditure on tertiary education and the use of English as a medium of instruction. Performance is adversely affected by military conflict at home which may weaken institutions that create human capital and lower the threshold quality of immigrants. The selection effects of U.S. immigration policy also play an important role in explaining cross-country variation. The observed under-placement of educated migrants might be alleviated if home and host countries cooperate by sharing information on labor market conditions and work toward the recognition of qualifications.

Access and Equity in Basic Education --- Brain Drain --- Country Of Origin --- Education --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Home Countries --- Host Country --- Human Capital --- Immigrant --- Immigrants --- Immigration --- Immigration Law --- Immigration Policies --- International Migration --- Labor Market --- Labor Markets --- Migration --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population Policies --- Potential Migrants --- Progress --- Social Development --- Social Protections and Labor --- Tertiary Education --- Training

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The authors investigate the occupational placement of immigrants in the U.S. labor market using census data. They find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after they control for individuals' age, experience, and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and industrial countries. A large part of the variation can be explained by attributes of the country of origin that influence the quality of human capital, such as expenditure on tertiary education and the use of English as a medium of instruction. Performance is adversely affected by military conflict at home which may weaken institutions that create human capital and lower the threshold quality of immigrants. The selection effects of U.S. immigration policy also play an important role in explaining cross-country variation. The observed under-placement of educated migrants might be alleviated if home and host countries cooperate by sharing information on labor market conditions and work toward the recognition of qualifications.

Access and Equity in Basic Education --- Brain Drain --- Country Of Origin --- Education --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Home Countries --- Host Country --- Human Capital --- Immigrant --- Immigrants --- Immigration --- Immigration Law --- Immigration Policies --- International Migration --- Labor Market --- Labor Markets --- Migration --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population Policies --- Potential Migrants --- Progress --- Social Development --- Social Protections and Labor --- Tertiary Education --- Training

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Shipbuilding industry. --- Shipping.