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Introduction: Dystonia is a heterogenous neurological disease, characterized by abnormal muscle contractions, for which standard medical therapy is often inadequate. In this situation surgery is an option. Many different surgical techniques are available in the treatment of dystonia, but evidence for these techniques is more established in inherited and idiopathic isolated dystonia than in acquired dystonia. Objectives: The objective of this master thesis is to review the evidence for treating acquired dystonia with various surgical approaches and to discuss recent advances from the last five years relevant to patient evaluation, treatment selection, and surgical outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search for the usage of surgical approaches in the treatment of acquired dystonia was performed in PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases for articles published after the article ‘Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update’ of 2013 up until January 2019. Results: In the surgical treatment of acquired dystonia, there are four different avenues that are described in literature. Most literature by far can be found on deep brain stimulation. Stereotactic lesioning is an older and currently less frequently applied technique. Surgical peripheral denervation and intrathecal baclofen have also been routinely described. Conclusion: The evidence for surgical treatments in acquired dystonia is of low quality and quantity and more standardized and specific trials for distinct etiologies in acquired dystonia are needed. Nevertheless, certain conclusions could be drawn regarding treatment selection for prevalent etiologies, such as cerebral palsy and tardive dystonia, and concerning contraindications and adverse events associated with each surgical option.