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The preceding decade has witnessed tremendous progress in clinical as well as theoretical neuroscience. In its wake, powerful new instruments of neuromodulation acting directly on the brain have been developed: potent neuro-pharmaceuticals, deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, various methods of neurotransplantation, central neural prostheses, and others. However, few areas of scientific development seem to exhibit as close a connection between dreams of progress and nightmares of disaster as contemporary neuroscience. This Janus-faced character relates to the core function of the brain as the "organ of the mind". Methods of intervening in the brain easily draw the suspicion of possibly altering fundamental features of personhood, thus posing a threat to preconditions of human dignity and to the normative structure of our societies. This suspicion has been fuelled by the discovery that most of the newly developed neurotherapeutic instruments might also be used for purposes of enhancement of certain mental features. "Mind doping" is a populist slogan at hand, suggesting a deprecatory parallel to the practice of doping in sports. The present book subjects the whole range of questions associated with these problems to a thorough exploration. Extensive state-of-the-art accounts of the relevant clinical and theoretical neurosciences are followed by an in-depth philosophical analysis of the problems of personal identity and a comprehensive disquisition on legal and ethical questions posed by present and foreseeable future practices of neuroenhancement. A concluding chapter presents the study’s main results as recommendations, addressing clinical practitioners and researchers in the field as well as to politicians, legislators, law courts, philosophers, lawyers, and anybody fascinated by or concerned about the dawning era of intervening in the brain.
Neural stimulation. --- Neural stimulation --- Social aspects. --- Nerve stimulation --- Stimulation, Neural --- Electric stimulation --- Electrodiagnosis --- Electrophysiology --- Electrotherapeutics --- Neurology. --- Philosophy (General). --- Biomedical engineering. --- Social sciences. --- Philosophy, general. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Diseases --- Neurology . --- Philosophy. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities
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Objective: Investigation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a last-resort treatment alternative to capsulotomy in treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Prospective single-case based design with evaluation of DBS impact on emotions, behaviour, personality traits and executive function in three patients with OCD. Results: Two patients experienced sustained improvement of OCD symptoms with DBS. Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) dropped 12 points and 23 points to baseline and Y-BOCS self-rating scale (Y-BOCS-SRS) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) for depression and tension decreased with increasing stimulation amplitude. Total Maladjustment Score on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale reduced with 44 and 59% to baseline. Reduction in psychopathology was sustained under continuous stimulation. No deleterious impact of DBS on neuropsychological testing or personality traits measured on a self-rated personality inventory was detected. Conclusion: These preliminary findings demonstrate that DBS may have important therapeutic benefits on psychopathology in OCD. No harmful side-effects were detected during follow-up (33/33/39 months, respectively)
Behaviour. --- Brain. --- Depression. --- Design. --- Disorder. --- Emotion. --- Function. --- Investigation. --- Method. --- Mood. --- Obsessive-compulsive disorder. --- Obsessive-compulsive. --- Ocd. --- Personality. --- Psychopathology. --- Reduction. --- Stimulation. --- Treatment.
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Disorder. --- Electrical stimulation. --- Human. --- Internal capsule. --- Limb. --- Obsessive-compulsive disorder. --- Obsessive-compulsive. --- Stimulation.
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Philosophy --- Social sciences (general) --- Neuropathology --- filosofie --- sociale wetenschappen --- hersenen
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The preceding decade has witnessed tremendous progress in clinical as well as theoretical neuroscience. In its wake, powerful new instruments of neuromodulation acting directly on the brain have been developed: potent neuro-pharmaceuticals, deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, various methods of neurotransplantation, central neural prostheses, and others. However, few areas of scientific development seem to exhibit as close a connection between dreams of progress and nightmares of disaster as contemporary neuroscience. This Janus-faced character relates to the core function of the brain as the "organ of the mind". Methods of intervening in the brain easily draw the suspicion of possibly altering fundamental features of personhood, thus posing a threat to preconditions of human dignity and to the normative structure of our societies. This suspicion has been fuelled by the discovery that most of the newly developed neurotherapeutic instruments might also be used for purposes of enhancement of certain mental features. "Mind doping" is a populist slogan at hand, suggesting a deprecatory parallel to the practice of doping in sports. The present book subjects the whole range of questions associated with these problems to a thorough exploration. Extensive state-of-the-art accounts of the relevant clinical and theoretical neurosciences are followed by an in-depth philosophical analysis of the problems of personal identity and a comprehensive disquisition on legal and ethical questions posed by present and foreseeable future practices of neuroenhancement. A concluding chapter presents the study's main results as recommendations, addressing clinical practitioners and researchers in the field as well as to politicians, legislators, law courts, philosophers, lawyers, and anybody fascinated by or concerned about the dawning era of intervening in the brain.
Philosophy --- Social sciences (general) --- Neuropathology --- filosofie --- sociale wetenschappen --- hersenen
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8-oh-dpat. --- Accumbens. --- Alternation behaviour. --- Behaviour. --- Electrical stimulation. --- Electrolytic lesion. --- Lesion. --- Nucleus accumbens. --- Nucleus-accumbens. --- Nucleus. --- Obsessive-compulsive disorder. --- Obsessive-compulsive. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Stimulation. --- T-maze.
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Disorder. --- Electric stimulation. --- Electro-stimulation. --- Functional magnetic resonance imaging. --- Internal capsule. --- Long-term. --- Obsessive-compulsive disorder. --- Obsessive-compulsive. --- Positron emission tomography. --- Psychosurgery. --- Stimulation.
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