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Military assistance, American --- evaluation.

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Terrorism --- Insurgency --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Public opinion --- Prevention --- Anti-terrorism --- Antiterrorism --- Counter-terrorism --- Counterterrorism --- Insurgent attacks --- Rebellions --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Civil war --- Political crimes and offenses --- Revolutions --- Government, Resistance to --- Internal security --- Direct action --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror

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"This report examines the feasibility for non-state actors, including terrorist and insurgent groups, to increase their political and/or economic power by deploying a virtual currency (VC) for use in regular economic transactions. A VC, such as Bitcoin, is a digital representation of value that can be transferred, stored, or traded electronically and that is neither issued by a central bank or public authority, nor necessarily attached to a fiat currency (dollars, euros, etc.), but is accepted by people as a means of payment. We addressed the following research questions from both the technological and political-economic perspectives: (1) Why would a non-state actor deploy a VC? That is, what political and/or economic utility is there to gain? How might this non-state actor go about such a deployment? What challenges would it have to overcome? (2) How might a government or organization successfully technologically disrupt a VC deployment by a non-state actor, and what degree of cyber sophistication would be required? (3) What additional capabilities become possible when the technologies underlying the development and implementation of VCs are used for purposes broader than currency?"--Page 4 of printed paper wrapper.

Electronic funds transfers --- National security --- Non-state actors (International relations) --- Terrorism --- Bitcoin --- Banking --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Political aspects --- Economic aspects --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- NGAs (International relations) --- Non-governmental actors (International relations) --- Nongovernmental actors (International relations) --- Non-state entities (International relations) --- Nonstate entities (International relations) --- Nonstate actors (International relations) --- Digital cash --- Digital currency --- Digital money --- EFT (Electronic funds transfers) --- Electronic banking --- Electronic check clearing --- Electronic money systems --- Electronic payments systems --- Electronic transfer of funds --- Funds, Electronic transfers of --- Telebanking --- Transfers of funds, Electronic --- Virtual money --- Money --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- International relations --- Electronic data interchange --- Electronic benefits transfers --- Home banking services --- Cryptocurrencies --- Electronic currency --- Electronic money --- Virtual currency

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"Security cooperation (SC) events should forge strong relationships with U.S. partners, help develop partners' military capabilities and ability to operate with U.S. forces, and facilitate access to foreign countries in the event of a contingency. This report examines U.S. Army SC processes in the Pacific Command area of responsibility to forge stronger links between strategic and tactical levels in the planning and execution of SC activities. Researchers developed a framework to link tactical- and operational-level SC activities with strategic goals and found ways to identify information requirements for units executing SC activities and improve evaluations. Researchers found that planning for SC events could be improved by providing additional clarity in the orders process and strengthened knowledge management to aid tactical planners. SC evaluations at the strategic level could be improved through better specifications of the linkages between SC events and expected outcomes and at the tactical level through process improvements in the conduct and dissemination of after-action reports."--

National security --- Military planning --- Military assistance, American --- Security, International. --- International cooperation --- Planning --- Evaluation. --- United States.

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"U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) executes its mission through a synchronized network of people and technology that provides sustained, persistent, SOF-specific capabilities and capacities and increased persistent forward-deployed presence to support the geographic combatant commands in the execution of their theater campaign plans. Using a multipronged approach, RAND Corporation researchers identified three key operational challenges that forward-deployed personnel have encountered--unity of effort, continuity of effort, and administrative complexity -- and then assessed the extent to which persistent, networked, and distributed (PND) operations can mitigate these challenges. PND operations can address some of these challenges through enhanced theater special operations commands (TSOCs), increased forward-deployed personnel, and enhanced interagency and partner-country partnerships. As a critical element in PND operations, enhanced TSOCs have the potential to greatly improve SOF effectiveness. Some improvements accruing to enhanced TSOCs will stem directly from the higher personnel numbers assigned and the consequent removal of constraints on USSOCOM's ability to engage in the full range of planning and coordination activities. However, the assignment of appropriately trained staff to the TSOCs for extended periods of time is essential in order to ensure that all the gains of more-robust TSOCs are realized. Increased forward deployments also have the potential to enhance the impact of SOF activities. The effect can be substantial if the activities are coordinated with other U.S. efforts and build on prior SOF activities with partner forces"--Publisher's description.

Military planning --- Special forces (Military science) --- Special operations (Military science) --- Unified operations (Military science) --- U.S. Special Operations Command --- U.S. Special Operations Command. --- Operational readiness. --- 2000-2099 --- United States --- United States. --- Armed Forces --- Military policy