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Intelligent mental representations of physical, cognitive and social environments allow humans to navigate enormous search spaces, whose sizes vastly exceed the number of neurons in the human brain. This allows us to solve a wide range of problems, such as the Traveling Salesperson Problem, insight problems, as well as mathematics and physics problems. As an area of research, problem solving has steadily grown over time. Researchers in Artificial Intelligence have been formulating theories of problem solving for the last 70 years. Psychologists, on the other hand, have focused their efforts on documenting the observed behavior of subjects solving problems. This book represents the first effort to merge the behavioral results of human subjects with formal models of the causative cognitive mechanisms. The first coursebook to deal exclusively with the topic, it provides a main text for elective courses and a supplementary text for courses such as cognitive psychology and neuroscience.

Problem solving. --- Cognitive psychology. --- Neurosciences.

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Shape perception has always been important in vision research, yet it is now attracting more interest than ever before, fueling the need for an interdisciplinary approach that bridges the fields of computer vision and human vision. This comprehensive and authoritative text/reference presents a unique, multidisciplinary perspective on Shape Perception in Human and Computer Vision. Rather than focusing purely on the state of the art, the book provides viewpoints from world-class researchers reflecting broadly on the issues that have shaped the field. Drawing upon many years of experience, each contributor discusses the trends followed and the progress made, in addition to identifying the major challenges that still lie ahead. Topics and features: Presents 33 contributions from an international selection of pre-eminent researchers from both the computer vision and human vision communities Examines each topic from a range of viewpoints, rather than promoting a specific paradigm Discusses topics on contours, shape hierarchies, shape grammars, shape priors, and 3D shape inference Reviews issues relating to surfaces, invariants, parts, multiple views, learning, simplicity, shape constancy and shape illusions Addresses concepts from the historically separate disciplines of computer vision and human vision using the same “language” and methods This interdisciplinary collection is essential reading for students and researchers seeking to understand the broader landscape of the problem in order to build their expertise on a firm foundation. Dr. Sven Dickinson is Professor and Chair of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Toronto, Canada. Dr. Zygmunt Pizlo is Professor of Mathematical/Computational Cognitive Science in the Department of Psychological Sciences at Purdue University, USA.

Computer vision. --- Pattern recognition systems. --- Optical pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Computer vision --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Social Sciences --- Psychology --- Applied Physics --- Form perception. --- Pattern classification systems --- Pattern recognition computers --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Form discrimination --- Shape discrimination --- Shape perception --- Computer science. --- Image processing. --- Pattern recognition. --- Computer Science. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Pattern perception --- Perception --- Visual perception --- Figure-ground perception --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Optical data processing --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Optical data processing. --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Optical equipment