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966.2 --- 341.38 <662.1> --- 966.21 --- 341.38 <662.1> Beëindigen van de oorlog. Wapenstilstand. Bestand. Vrede--Mali --- Beëindigen van de oorlog. Wapenstilstand. Bestand. Vrede--Mali --- 966.2 Geschiedenis van West-Soedan en Niger: Mali Burkina Fasso Opper-Volta --- Geschiedenis van West-Soedan en Niger: Mali Burkina Fasso Opper-Volta --- Democracy --- Peace --- 966.2 Geschiedenis van West-Soedan en Niger: Mali; Burkina Fasso; Opper-Volta --- Geschiedenis van West-Soedan en Niger: Mali; Burkina Fasso; Opper-Volta --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- International relations --- Disarmament --- Peace-building --- Security, International --- War --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- United Nations --- UN --- UNO --- Mali --- Politics and government --- Peace. --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций

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Democracy --- Peace --- 341.38 <662.1> --- 966.21 --- 966.2 --- 966.2 Geschiedenis van West-Soedan en Niger: Mali; Burkina Fasso; Opper-Volta --- Geschiedenis van West-Soedan en Niger: Mali; Burkina Fasso; Opper-Volta --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- International relations --- Disarmament --- Peace-building --- Security, International --- War --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- 341.38 <662.1> Beëindigen van de oorlog. Wapenstilstand. Bestand. Vrede--Mali --- Beëindigen van de oorlog. Wapenstilstand. Bestand. Vrede--Mali --- United Nations --- UNO --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- UN --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций --- Mali --- Politics and government --- Polemology

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"The Mali crisis provoked by the coup d'état of March 2012 led to the collapse of the democratic Malian state, a jihadist Al Qaida take-over of North Mali, and the return of the French Foreign Legion to the Sahara after 54 years of Malian Independence. With 12,000 UN peacekeepers (MINUSMA) and the election of President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita in August 2013, the prospects for peace and democracy in Mali looked brighter ... until IBK's exhausted regime was overthrown in the coup of August 2020. What mechanisms exist within Malian society and its social capital that might build a sustainable peace economy? How can women mobilise family networks to promote peace and to create employment? Will their efforts avert another round of civil war in 2025 or 2030? Mali suffers from two related crises, and the 2015 peace negotiations with Tuareg and Arab armed movements address the lesser of the two. In fact the crisis in North Mali has been largely provoked by the failure of the State, by a combination of dire poverty, galloping demography, bad governance and questionable legitimacy in a Nation State that has been corrupted by military rule for most of its short existence. The core crisis is in Bamako, the capital city. This book highlights major international themes such as democratic governance, decentralization and political legitimacy; "terrorism" and Islamic fundamentalism; and great power resource-rivalry over oil, gas and uranium lying under the Sahara Desert. Mali is a victim of corporate desires for mineral extraction, but also of cocaine trafficking from South America and a struggle for the leadership of Sunni Islam, all of which have helped undermine Mali's fragile, secular institutions ..."-- "... The Tuareg revolt of the 1990s and the arrival of Malian democracy have been described in detail, but no one has yet told the full story of Mali in the early 21st century-- explaining why democracy collapsed, where the Arab jihadists came from, and why France went to war against Al Qaida in the Sahel and in the Islamic Maghreb-- a security zone that Europeans neglect at their peril. Our story should have ended optimistically after the election of Mr. Ibrahim Boubacar Keita as Mali's new President, sworn in on September 4th 2013-- and the impending trial of the Malian coup leader for the murder of rival soldiers, a plot line filled with mass graves and questions about American and British and French complicity with Algeria and Al Qaida. Instead, events during 2014 and 2020 have raised more questions than answers. While we offer recipes for peace building and routes towards peace and sustainable development, the continuing stories of cocaine mafias, Mali's local corruption and its venal international partners push us towards a pessimistic conclusion. The book includes 12 short "conversations" with Malian political figures, mediators and well-informed commentators. This "multi-voice" format allows our book to offer a range of interpretations for the dramatic events in Mali 2012-2015. We do not necessarily agree with the views expressed in all these conversations, and this gives them extra value. Some of our conversations raise accusations of racism levelled against soldiers or against the jihadists; some make accusations of international manipulation and conspiracies; others appeal for greater help for the refugees and displaced populations, and above all for Mali's women and children, who are the most vulnerable victims of the armed conflict."--

Terrorism --- Internal security --- Political stability --- Conflict management --- History --- Mali --- Geopolitics --- Politics and government

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Arms control --- Illegal arms transfers --- Firearms --- Insurgency --- Peace-building --- Sierra Leone --- History