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Originally confused with opioid receptors and then orphan receptors with no biological function, Sigma Receptors are now recognized as relevant to many degenerative diseases with remarkable potential as therapeutic targets. In this text, new information about the structure of sigma 1 receptor, its binding sites are provided as well as its expression in many cell types. It’s putative role in degenerative neuronal diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, pain, drug addiction and locomotor activity. Their roles in possible treatments for blinding retinal diseases emphasize the tremendous far-reaching potential for ligands for these receptors. Exciting breakthroughs in this dynamic field in the last decade are reported herein, which will guide future investigators in determining the full potential of this unique, yet abundantly expressed protein.

Medicine. --- Proteins. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Protein Science. --- Receptors. --- Nervous system --- Receptors, sigma --- Degeneration. --- Degeneration --- drug therapy. --- Physiology. --- agonists. --- Degeneration, Nerve --- Nerve degeneration --- Nervous system degeneration --- Neurodegenerative disease --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Neuron degeneration --- Nissl degeneration --- Retrograde degeneration --- Wallerian degeneration --- Degeneration and regeneration --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Neurosciences --- Degeneration (Pathology) --- Biochemistry. --- Cell receptors. --- Cell membrane receptors --- Cell surface receptors --- Receptors, Cell --- Binding sites (Biochemistry) --- Cell membranes --- Proteins --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Proteins . --- Biomedicine, general.

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