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CONCURRENCE --- NONPROFIT --- CAPITALISME --- ETATS-UNIS --- THEORIE MICROECONOMIQUE

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The IMF MULTIMOD model is used to trace the economic impact of a 20 percent reduction in world military expenditures. GDP falls in the short run, however private consumption and investment rise, leading to an increase in GDP in the medium and long run. The estimated gains to economic welfare are substantial, particularly for developing countries, although most of these gains are realized in the long run. A positive international economic externality is found to exist, implying that for any given country the economic gains from a coordinated reduction in military expenditures exceed the gains from a unilateral reduction.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- National Security and War --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Trade: General --- Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Defense spending --- Consumption --- Expenditure --- Private consumption --- Imports --- National accounts --- International trade --- Expenditures, Public --- Economics --- United States

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The first sub-Saharan African country to pursue broad economic and structural reform - aided by external finance and technical aid - Ghana is an example of adjustment with growth. Ghana's experience, discussed in this paper, illustrates the need for complementary policy actions and the right sequencing and speed of reforms.

Economic conditions. Economic development --- Ghana --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Ajustement structurel (Economie) --- -GH / Ghana --- 338.340 --- 339.115 --- 338.8 --- 331.30 --- 331.33 --- 331.32 --- 338 --- (667) --- $?$91/12 --- 330.35 <667> --- 338.9667009048 --- 330.05 --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC. --- Economische groei. --- Economische toestand. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Structuur van de economie. --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Ghana --- Working papers --- 330.35 <667> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Ghana --- GH / Ghana --- Economische toestand --- Structuur van de economie --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Economische groei --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) - Ghana --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Finance: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- Finance --- International economics --- Exchange rates --- Expenditure --- Revenue administration --- Prices --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Expenditures, Public --- Banks and banking --- Revenue --- Fiscal policy

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Japan’s revitalization plan, dubbed the “three arrows of Abenomics,” devises a three-pronged strategy—combining fiscal, monetary, and structural policies—to overcome that country’s apparent inability to sustain economic recovery. This book is the first comprehensive assessment of Abenomics and the reforms needed to make it a success, including aggressive monetary easing, growth-friendly fiscal consolidation, and structural and financial sector reforms.

Stagnation (Economics) --- Deflation (Finance) --- Disinflation --- Finance --- Economic stagnation --- Stationary state (Economics) --- Steady-state economics --- Economics --- Japan --- Economic conditions --- E-books

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Are the three Baltic countries, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania, ready for accession to the European Union? Have their economies overcome the problems of transition? The answers to these questions and their implications for policy are provided in this collection of analyses. Rather than a country-by-country description, the volume provides a cross-country perspective of developments from 1994 through mid-1997. The seven sections of this paper discuss recent macroeconomic and structural policies, exchange rate regimes, fiscal issues, financial systems, private sector development, and accession to the European Union.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- European Union --- Baltic Area --- Baltic States --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Fiscal policy --- -Monetary policy --- -Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Economic stabilization --- -Foreign exchange --- -338 <474> --- banken --- economische situatie --- fiscaliteit --- monetair beleid --- Oost-Europa --- cooperation economique --- developpement economique --- pays balkaniques --- union europeenne --- EE / Estonia - Estland - Estonie --- LT / Lithuania - Litouwen - Lituanie --- LV / Latvia - Letland - Lettonie --- 333.101 --- 334.153.0 --- 331.30 --- 305.2 --- 336.401 --- 333.451.6 --- 330.05 --- 330.9479 --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- International finance --- Currency crises --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Baltische Republieken --- economische samenwerking --- economische ontwikkeling --- balkanlanden --- europese unie --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel. --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden. --- Economische toestand. --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Vlottende wisselkoersen. Crawling peg. --- Government policy --- -Baltic States --- -Baltic Republics --- Baltics (States) --- Working papers --- -Economic conditions --- 338 <474> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Baltische Republieken --- 338 <474> --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur --- Economische toestand --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Vlottende wisselkoersen. Crawling peg --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Baltic Republics --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Baltic States - Economic conditions --- Baltic States - Economic policy --- Banks and Banking --- Budgeting --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions --- Privatization --- Contracting Out --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Commercial banks --- Financial institutions --- Economic sectors --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Banks and banking --- Expenditures, Public --- Pensions --- Lithuania, Republic of