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Adaptive radiation is the evolution of diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage. It can cause a single ancestral species to differentiate into an impressively vast array of species inhabiting a variety of environments. Much of life's diversity has arisen during adaptive radiations. Some of the most famous recent examples include the East African cichilid fishes, the Hawaiian silverswords, and Darwin's Galapagos finches. This book evaluates the causes of adaptive radiation. It focuses on the 'ecological' theory of adaptive radiation, a body of ideas that began with Darwin and were developed through the early part of the 20th century. This theory proposes that phenotypic divergence and speciation in adaptive radiation are caused ultimately by divergent natural selection arising from differences in environment and competition between species. The text re-evaluates the ecological theory, along with its most significant extensions and challenges, in the light of all the recent evidence. It is the first full exploration of the causes of adaptive radiation in decades.

ZV Ecology --- Adaptation (Biologie) --- Adaptation (Biology). --- adaptive radiation --- diversification --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- General ecology and biosociology --- Ecology. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Ecology --- Evolution (Biology) --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Self-organizing systems --- Variation (Biology) --- Genetics --- Ecologie --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Environmental adaptation --- Adaptation, Environmental

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Aardrijkskundige verspreiding van planten en dieren --- Communautés biologiques --- Communities [Biotic ] --- Distribution géographique des plantes et des animaux --- Diversity of species --- Diversité des espèces --- Espèces [Diversité des ] --- Geografie [Bio] --- Geografische verspreiding van planten en dieren --- Géographie [Bio] --- Levensgemeenschappen (Biologie) --- Soorten [Verscheidenheid van de ] --- Verscheidenheid van de soorten --- Diversité des espèces --- Biogeography. --- Biotic communities. --- Species diversity. --- Ecosystèmes --- Biogéographie --- Biogeography --- Biotic communities --- Species diversity --- Diversity, Species --- Richness, Species --- Species richness --- Biodiversity --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Areography (Biology) --- Geographical distribution of animals and plants --- Species --- Species distribution --- Biology --- Geography --- Geographical distribution

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Bringing together the viewpoints of leading ecologists concerned with the processes that generate patterns of diversity, and evolutionary biologists who focus on mechanisms of speciation, this book opens up discussion in order to broaden understanding of how speciation affects patterns of biological diversity, especially the uneven distribution of diversity across time, space and taxa studied by macroecologists. The contributors discuss questions such as: Are species equivalent units, providing meaningful measures of diversity? To what extent do mechanisms of speciation affect the functional nature and distribution of species diversity? How can speciation rates be measured using molecular phylogenies or data from the fossil record? What are the factors that explain variation in rates? Written for graduate students and academic researchers, the book promotes a more complete understanding of the interaction between mechanisms and rates of speciation and these patterns in biological diversity.

ECO Ecology --- biodiversity --- speciation --- evolutionary biology --- Diversité des espèces --- 575.858 --- Species. Speciation --- 575.858 Species. Speciation --- Diversité des espèces --- Biodiversity --- Species diversity --- Diversity, Species --- Richness, Species --- Species richness --- Biodiversité --- Species diversity. --- Biodiversity. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species

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The Princeton Guide to Evolution is a comprehensive, concise, and authoritative reference to the major subjects and key concepts in evolutionary biology, from genes to mass extinctions. Edited by a distinguished team of evolutionary biologists, with contributions from leading researchers, the guide contains some 100 clear, accurate, and up-to-date articles on the most important topics in seven major areas: phylogenetics and the history of life; selection and adaptation; evolutionary processes; genes, genomes, and phenotypes; speciation and macroevolution; evolution of behavior, society, and humans; and evolution and modern society. Complete with more than 100 illustrations (including eight pages in color), glossaries of key terms, suggestions for further reading on each topic, and an index, this is an essential volume for undergraduate and graduate students, scientists in related fields, and anyone else with a serious interest in evolution. Explains key topics in some 100 concise and authoritative articles written by a team of leading evolutionary biologists Contains more than 100 illustrations, including eight pages in color Each article includes an outline, glossary, bibliography, and cross-references Covers phylogenetics and the history of life; selection and adaptation; evolutionary processes; genes, genomes, and phenotypes; speciation and macroevolution; evolution of behavior, society, and humans; and evolution and modern society.

Evolution. Phylogeny --- Evolution (Biology) --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Évolution (biologie) --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Evolution --- 57 <03> --- Biological sciences in general--Naslagwerken. Referentiewerken --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Genetics. --- Biological Evolution --- Evolution, Biological --- Sociobiology --- Genetic Structures --- Genetic Phenomena