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It is an intellectual necessity for universities to be open to participation by scholars and students all over the world; despite this, their sources of funding are almost entirely domestic and primarily governmental. The downloading of universities from national to regional government means that funding is increasingly even regional or local. Policy makers, firms and students, who are increasingly funding universities, are not interested in the development of academic knowledge: they demand teaching, research and services that are useful for local economic development and employability. As a consequence there is a divergence between the aspirations of universities and their stakeholders' needs. Establishing beneficial relations between universities and their stakeholders is vital for the survival of European districts and clusters of SMEs. The research highlights how critical the dilemma is and suggests a theoretical framework for resolving it, through the introduction of a new model of governance for universities and a new concept of knowledge.

Economics of industrial organisation --- Business & management --- HIGHER EDUCATION --- LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT --- KNOWLEDGE --- GOVERNANCE --- UNEMPLOYMENT

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'This original book addresses the important issue of cultural distance and provides insights for the sustainable development of both the green technology industry and international collaboration. It does so with a multidisciplinary perspective and uses the cases of two highly relevant regions. It is a must-read for scholars and practitioners interested in the role of culture in Sino-European relations and green technology.’ —Vasyl Taras, Associate Professor, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA This book uses the concepts of both cultural and psychic distance to analyse managers’ perceptions in international business settings, with a specific focus on European and Chinese ventures in the green technology industry. The key concept of ‘distance’ refers to the variations of cultures, languages, business practices, policies and regulations that distinguish different countries. Offering empirical case studies and theoretical refinements on how scholars can conceptualise and operationalise the psychic distance construct, the authors provide a comprehensive examination of European foreign direct investment (FDI) to China and Chinese FDI to Europe. Contributing to the Marie Curie scheme, Partnering Opportunities between Europe and China in the Renewable Energy and Environmental iNdustries (POREEN), this book is an invaluable read for managers and practitioners.

Social psychology --- Sociology of culture --- Foreign trade. International trade --- Economics --- International law --- Operational research. Game theory --- Mathematical statistics --- Business policy --- Planning (firm) --- Organization theory --- Personnel management --- Production management --- internationale economische organisaties --- internationale economische politiek --- internationale handel --- hernieuwbare energie --- B2B (business-to-business) --- economie --- mathematische modellen --- leidinggeven --- strategisch beleid --- internationale economie --- projectmanagement --- speltheorie --- intercultureel management --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- econometrie --- operationeel onderzoek --- Asia