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Influenza vaccines. --- Older people. --- Chronic diseases.

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Influenza vaccines. --- Older people. --- Chronic diseases.

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Currently in Norway, we screen our newborn for two inherited metabolic disorders: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and Phenylketonuria (PKU). There is now a proposal to expand the newborn screening program with an additional 19 inherited metabolic disorders: 1. Maple syrup urine disease, MSUD 2. Tyrosinemia type 1 and 2, TH1 and 2 3. Homocystinuria, HCU 4. Propionic acidaemia, PA 5. Methylmalonyl- CoA mutase deficiency, MMA 6. Multiple carboxylase deficiency, MCD/ BIOT 7. Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, GA1 8. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, HMG/ 3MGA 9. 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, 3-MCC 10. 3-Ketothiolase deficiency, BKT 11. Isovaleric acidaemia, IVA 12. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, MCAD 13. Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, VLCAD 14. Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, LCHAD 15. Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, GA2 16. Carnitine transporter defect, CTD 17. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency 1 and 2, CPT1 and 2 18. Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, CACT 19. Congenial adrenal hyperplasia, CAH These are rare diseases in Norway. The proposed disorders can cause serious morbidity including mortality if left untreated. The majority of these diseases can be treated by customized diets. For 17 of the inherited metabolic disorders, we did not find summarized documentation describing the effect of newborn screening. We found systematic reviews regarding newborn screening for four of the inherited metabolic diseases; PKU, tyrosenemia, MCAD and CAH. Mortality was reported only for MCAD and CAH. The overall quality of the evidence is very low. We do not know what effect to expect from newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders.

Infant, Newborn. --- Newborn screening.

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Children. --- Group psychotherapy.

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Children and youth who experience divorce or family break up will generally have an increased risk of emotional and behavioral adjustment problems. Consequently, prevention programs in the form of group intervention have been developed to prevent negative psychosocial consequences in both the short and long term. In this systematic review, we have summarized the results of studies that compared group interventions for children in divorce with no intervention and we conclude that1. Children who participate in group interventions may experience less anxiety symptoms and improved adaptation to the situation surrounding family break up compared with children who did not attend. It is uncertain whether group intervention affects children's self esteem, their experience of depression or if they change their perceptions and attitudes towards the divorce.2. Group intervention may lead to parents perceiving the child's social behavior, problem solving skills and feelings in connection with the divorce as improved. It is uncertain whether the group intervention causes the parents to perceive the children's degree of behavioral and emotional functioning as improved.3. Group intervention may cause the teachers to perceive children's school competencies as improved. It is uncertain whether the group intervention leads to teachers perceiving children's problem behavior, school attendance and academic performance as improved.

Group psychotherapy. --- Children --- Children of divorced parents. --- Family relationships.