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Using theory and data, Gainous and Wagner illustrate how online social media is bypassing traditional media and creating new forums for the exchange of political information and campaigning.

Communication in politics --- Political participation --- Internet --- Social media --- Twitter. --- Technological innovations --- Political aspects --- User-generated media --- Communication --- User-generated content --- Citizen participation --- Community action --- Community involvement --- Community participation --- Involvement, Community --- Mass political behavior --- Participation, Citizen --- Participation, Community --- Participation, Political --- Political activity --- Political behavior --- Political rights --- Social participation --- Political activists --- Politics, Practical --- Political communication --- Political science

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Communication in politics --- Political participation --- Internet --- Social media --- Technological innovations --- Political aspects --- Twitter

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What did dreams mean to Egyptian Christians of the first to the sixth centuries? Alexandrian philosophers, starting with Philo, Clement and Origen, developed a new approach to dreams that was to have profound effects on the spirituality of the medieval West and Byzantium. Their approach, founded on the principles of Platonism, was based on the convictions that God could send prophetic dreams and that these could be interpreted by people of sufficient virtue. In the fourth century, the Alexandrian approach was expanded by Athanasius and Evagrius to include a more holistic psychological understanding of what dreams meant for spiritual progress. The ideas that God could be known in dreams and that dreams were linked to virtue flourished in the context of Egyptian desert monasticism. This volume traces that development and its influence on early Egyptian experiences of the divine in dreams.

E-books --- Dreams --- Alexandrian school, Christian --- Theology, Doctrinal --- Knowledge, Theory of (Religion) --- Virtue --- Conduct of life --- Ethics --- Human acts --- Alexandrian theology --- Christian Alexandrian school --- Antiochian school --- Dreaming --- Subconsciousness --- Visions --- Sleep --- Epistemology, Religious --- Religious epistemology --- Religious knowledge, Theory of --- Religion --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Christianity --- History --- Philosophy --- Alexandrian school, Christian. --- Virtue. --- Religious aspects --- Christianity.

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Mary, --- Theology. --- Catholic Church --- Catholic Church. --- Doctrines.

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"In this book, we use the case of China to examine how state actors can transform the Internet and online discourse into a key strategic element for maintaining the government and relieving domestic pressure on national institutions. While scholars have long known that the democratizing influence of the Internet can be blunted by autocratic states, in this book, we show that the online sphere can effectively be co-opted by states like China and transformed into a supporting institution. Our theory, Directed Digital Dissidence, explains how autocracies manage critical online information flows and the impact this management has on mass opinion and behavior. While the expansion of the Internet may stimulate dissidence, it also provides the central government an avenue to direct that dissent away and toward selected targets. Under the strategy of Directed Digital Dissidence, the Internet becomes a mechanism to dissipate threats by serving as a targeted relief valve rather than a building pressure cooker. We consider the process and impact of this evolving state led manipulation of the political Internet using data and examples from China. We use an original large-scale random survey of Chinese citizens to measure Internet use, social media use, and political attitudes. We also consider the impact of the state firewall. Beyond simply identifying the government strategy, we focus on testing the effectiveness of the strategy with empirical data. We also consider how the redirection of dissent can be done across a broader range of targets, including non-state actors and other nations"--

Communication in politics --- Internet --- Political participation --- Social media --- Dictatorship