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The twelfth-century Persian philosopher Suhrawardi was the key figure in the transition of Islamic philosophy from the neo-Aristotelianism of Avicenna to the mystically oriented Islamic philosophy of later centuries. Suhrawardi's "Illuminationist" philosophy was a vigorous reassertion of Neoplatonism at a time when Sufism was becoming a major presence in Islamic thought and society. This book traces the intellectual background of Suhrawardi's thought and of the Greek roots of non-Aristotelian philosophy in the Islamic world. Suhrawardi placed himself in an intellectual tradition that sprang from the "Ancients," the philosophical and mystical tradition of Hermes Trismegistus and his successors in both Greece and the Orient. The author argues that Suhrawardi typifies an approach to philosophy characteristic of Neoplatonism, in which Pythagoras is the key pre-Socratic, Plato is the central figure in the history of philosophy, Aristotle is respected but corrected by reference to Pythagoras and Plato, and philosophy is ultimately an eclectic revelation known symbolically by different nations. Mystical intuition is a key philosophical tool and symbolism is of particular importance. The Leaven of the Ancients provides a translation of Suhrawardi's famous dream, in which Aristotle reveals the epistemological foundations of Suhrawardi's Illuminationist system. The book also analyzes the role played by Suhrawardi and his approach to philosophy in turning Islamic civilization away from physical science toward a subtle mystical psychology, thus offering a new explanation for the decline of science in Islam.

Islamic philosophy --- Greek influences. --- Suhrawardī, Yaḥyá ibn Ḥabash, --- Islamic philosophy - Greek influences --- Suhrawardī, Yaḥyá ibn Ḥabash, - 1152 or 1153-1191

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Ishraqiyah --- Philosophy, Islamic.

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The late Professor Hossein Ziai’s interests focused on the Illuminationist ( Ishrāqī ) tradition. Dedicated to his memory, this volume deals with the post-Avicennan philosophical tradition in Iran, and in particular the Illuminationist school and later philosophers, such as those associated with the School of Isfahan, who were fundamentally influenced by it. The focus of various chapters is on translations, editions, and close expositions of rationalist works in areas such as epistemology, logic and metaphysics rather than mysticism more generally, and also on specific texts rather than themes or studies of individual philosophers. The purpose of the volume is to introduce new texts into the modern canon of Islamic and Iranian philosophy. Various texts in this volume have not been previously translated nor have they been the subject of significant Western scholarship.

Ishrāqīyah --- Islamic philosophy --- Ishrāqīyah. --- Arabic philosophy --- Muslim philosophy --- Philosophy, Islamic --- Philosophy, Arab --- Illumination (Islam) --- Illuminism (Islam) --- Ishrāq --- Sufism --- Suhrawardī, ʻAbd al-Qāhir ibn ʻAbd Allāh, --- Suhrawardī, Abū al-Najīb ʻAbd al-Qāhir, --- سهروردي، عبد القادر بن عبد الله --- سهروردي، عبد القاهر بن عبد الله --- سهروردي، عبد القاهر بن عبد الله، --- Islamic philosophy - Iran