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This book is a critical survey of the methods and findings of nature and nurture research. It appraises recent studies of foster children, including studies of twins reared apart, which attacked the problem of the influence of heredity and environmental factors in intelligence and achievement. The author has analyzed with his characteristic scientific objectivity and clarity of expression the research results already achieved. He has indicated that these studies are in substantial agreement as to the indispensability of both genetic and environmental factors in mental development and has suggested further research necessary to obtain valid conclusions concerning unsolved crucial problems. He also calls attention to the importance in future studies of integrating the points of view and the methods of research from the fields of anthropology, genetics, psychology, and sociology. His analysis, it is hoped, will stimulate research that will take full account of the deficiencies and shortcomings of past studies as well as of their positive contributions to methodology. This book will be helpful not only to those engaged in research on twins and foster children but also to all interested in the role of the genetic and environmental factors in human behavior.

Heredity. --- Human beings --- Effect of environment on.

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This book presents enlarged and modified versions of the the Jesup Lectures for 1916-1917, given at the American Museum of Natural History with the cooperation of Columbia University.

Psychodynamic psychotherapy.

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The major schools of psychology as they existed in 1931, when the first edition of this survey was published, are still contemporary schools. Considerable revision is called for, however, not because any radically new schools have come forward, but because important new developments have occurred in nearly every one of the existing schools. This is notably true of behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, and psychoanalysis. Behaviorism has risen to a more critical scientific level; Gestalt psychology has branched out into new fields; psychoanalysis has changed somewhat in its clinical methods and still more in its theory. The "hormic and holistic" group of schools were nearly all mentioned in the previous edition but are now brought together into a single chapter. The newer associationists, instead of being considered rather incidentally, are now given a chapter to themselves along with their associationist predecessors. It has seemed appropriate to regard as functional psychologists, in a broad sense, most of those who were previously spoken of as being in the "middle of the road"; and for that reason the final chapter under the latter heading has lost most of its content and been reduced to a brief epilogue. All these revisions and rearrangements have demanded a practically complete rewriting of the book. Certain discussions which were perhaps pertinent in 1931 now appear superfluous and have been omitted, so that the text as a whole has not been much enlarged, though its coverage is certainly more complete. What was said in the first edition to the effect that the book had grown out of a lecture course still remains true, for the author has lectured on these schools every year since then.

Psychology --- History

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"A century of progress! The name is certainly appropriate for the last hundred years, especially in the fields of science and invention. The more you learn of the recent progress of science, the more impressed and even thrilled you become; and the more you reflect on our modern improvements the more you are amazed at the distance we have come in this short span of a mere one hundred years. And the end is not in sight. Science and invention are advancing at a more rapid pace than ever, and so accustomed have we grown to this advance that we fully expect to see it continue. We are less attached to the old ways than we used to be and more willing to adopt new ways and new ideas. To call a person progressive nowadays is to praise him, and the same with a town, a nation, or a century; for progress has become one of our great ideals. How then can anyone venture to raise the question whether progress is good for us? This book discusses adjustment and mastery in individuals"--Introduction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

Adaptability (Psychology) --- Adjustment (Psychology)