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During the eight years of George W. Bush’s presidency America’s grand strategy changed. The terrorist attacks of 9/11 profoundly altered America’s view of the world. But the manner of Bush’s response to the attacks is the subject of controversy and his major foreign policy decisions, especially the invasion of Iraq, are now considered to have been misjudged by the majority of Americans. Whether Bush will be ultimately judged a failure or not, it is likely that some of the main policies associated with his name will be pursued by his successor – be he Democrat or Republican. The European Union is the closest ally of the United States. The Europeans and the Americans are linked to each other by historical, economic and political ties like no other powers in the world. America’s foreign policy reflects on the Europeans too, in the sense that Europeans are often associated with America’s foreign policy in the eyes of the wider world. Indeed, the outside world often makes no distinction between the US and the EU, simply branding the two as ‘the West’. However, the vast majority of Europeans disapproved of Bush’s foreign policy, especially his decision to invade Iraq, and transatlantic relations consequently suffered during his presidency. The end of the Bush era creates an opportunity for a new departure and a renewed dialogue between the EU and the US. But European expectations of the change that the new president will bring about are often unrealistic. This paper gives an account of Bush’s legacy and its impact on the next US administration’s conduct of foreign policy. It examines the ideology and policies that have characterised Bush’s administration and maps out the likely future orientation of America’s foreign policy. The paper focuses on US relations with Iraq, Iran and China, as well as touching on Europe and Russia.

Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Guerre en Irak, 2003-2011 --- Bush, George W. --- Views on international relations. --- United States --- European Union countries --- Iran --- China --- Etats-Unis --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Chine --- Foreign relations --- Relations --- Relations extérieures --- Bush, George Walker, --- Views on international relations --- #SBIB:327.5H10 --- #SBIB:327H15 --- Strategie: algemeen --- Buitenlandse politiek: Noord-Amerika --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Relations extérieures --- Bush, George Walker, - 1946- - Views on international relations --- United States - Foreign relations - 2001 --- -European Union countries - Foreign relations - United States --- United States - Foreign relations - European Union countries --- European Union countries - Relations - China --- United States - Foreign relations - Iran --- Iran - Foreign relations - United States --- United States - Foreign relations - China --- China - Foreign relations - United States --- Bush, George Walker, - 1946 --- -United States

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European Union --- European Union countries --- United States --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Etats-Unis --- Relations --- Foreign relations --- Economic conditions --- Relations extérieures --- Conditions économiques --- Iraq War, 2003 --- -European Union countries --- Iraq War, 2003-European Union countries --- United StatesRelations --- #SBIB:327.7H233 --- #SBIB:327H15 --- Europese Unie: externe relaties, buitenlands- en defensiebeleid (ook WEU) --- Buitenlandse politiek: Noord-Amerika --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Relations extérieures --- Conditions économiques --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- European Union countries - Relations - United States --- United States - Relations - European Union countries

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Security, International --- International Cooperation --- National security --- World politics --- European Union countries --- United States --- Europe --- Foreign relations --- Military relations --- Defenses --- National security - European Union countries --- National security - United States --- National security - Europe --- World politics - 1995-2005 --- European Union countries - Foreign relations - United States --- United States - Foreign relations - European Union countries --- Europe - Military relations - United States --- United States - Military relations - Europe --- United States - Defenses --- Europe - Defenses

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#SBIB:328H274 --- #SBIB:327.5H10 --- Instellingen en beleid: Polen --- Strategie: algemeen --- National security --- Europe --- Poland --- Poyln --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Polʹsha --- P.N.R. --- P.R.L. --- Pologne --- Polish Commonwealth --- Polonia --- Warsaw (Duchy) --- Polska --- Polsko --- T︠S︡arstvo Polʹskoe --- Królestwo Polskie --- Polʹskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- PNR --- PRL --- Poljska --- Lehastan --- Polin --- Būlūniyā --- Polonyah --- République populaire de Pologne --- Polen --- Ppolsŭkka --- Polish People's Republic --- Republic of Poland --- Poland (Territory under German occupation, 1939-1945) --- Generalgouvernement (Poland) --- Generalne Gubernatorstwo (Poland) --- General Government (Poland) --- Heneralʹna Hubernii︠a︡ (Poland) --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Polish Republic --- Congress Kingdom of Poland --- Congress Poland --- Królestwo Kongresowe Polskie --- Kongresówka --- Kingdom of Poland --- Lahistān --- لهستان --- Lithuania (Grand Duchy) --- Defenses. --- Foreign relations --- Military policy. --- Polandia --- Полшэ --- Polshė --- Pole --- Republiek van Pole --- Republik Pole --- Polaland --- Polisce Cynewise --- Полша --- Полониа --- بولندا --- Būlandā --- Polóña --- Tavakuairetã Polóña --- Польша --- Puluña --- Ripublika Puluña --- Polşa --- Polşa Respublikası --- Pulandia --- Ripublik Pulandia --- Pho-lân --- Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok --- Польшча --- Polʹshcha --- Рэспубліка Польшча --- Rėspublika Polʹshcha --- Polonya --- Република Полша --- Republika Polsha --- Poin --- Republika Poljska --- Польшо --- Polʹsho --- Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Polʹsho Ulas --- Polská republika --- Polaki --- Gwlad Pwyl --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad Pwyl --- Republikken Polen --- Republik Polen --- Poola --- Poola Vabariik --- Πολωνία --- Pulógna --- Польша Мастор --- Polʹsha Mastor --- República de Polonia --- Pollando --- Respubliko Pollando --- Repúbrica de Poloña --- Poloniako Errepublika --- Pólland --- République de Pologne --- Poalen --- Poloonya --- Polonie --- An Pholainn --- Pholainn --- Poblacht na Polainne --- Yn Pholynn --- Pholynn --- Pobblaght ny Polynn --- A' Phòlainn --- Poblachd na Pòlainn --- Borandi --- Pô-làn --- Польшин Орн --- Polʹshin Orn --- 폴란드 --- P'ollandŭ --- Pōlani --- Lehastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- Польшæ --- Polʹshæ --- Польшæйы Республикæ --- Polʹshæĭy Respublikæ --- IPoland --- IPolandi --- Lýðveldið Pólland --- Repubblica di Polonia --- פולין --- רפובליקת פולין --- Republiḳat Polin --- Poleni --- Kunngiitsuuffik Poleni --- Pòlskô Repùblika --- Poloni --- Polonye --- Polòy --- Puoleja --- Puolejis Republika --- Polija --- Polijas Republika --- Lenkija --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Polsca --- Republica de Polsca --- Pol'šu --- Polskas --- Bupoolo --- Bupolska --- Ripablik kya Bupoolo --- Lengyelország --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth --- Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania --- Commonwealth of Poland --- Heneralʹna hubernii︠a︡ (Poland) --- General Government for Occupied Polish Territories

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