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Being the only place in the northern North Atlantic yielding late Cainozoic terrestrial sediments rich in plant fossils, Iceland provides a unique archive for vegetation and climate development in this region. This book includes the complete plant fossil record from Iceland spanning the past 15 million years. Eleven sedimentary rock formations containing over 320 plant taxa are described. For each flora, palaeoecology and floristic affinities within the Northern Hemisphere are established. The exceptional fossil record allows a deeper understanding of the role of the “North Atlantic Land Bridge” for intercontinental plant migration and of the Gulf Stream-North Atlantic Current system for regional climatic evolution. ’Iceland sits as a “fossil trap” on one of the most interesting biogeographic exchange routes on the planet - the North Atlantic. The fossil floras of Iceland document both local vegetational response to global climate change, and more importantly, help to document the nature of biotic migration across the North Atlantic in the last 15 million years. In this state-of-the-art volume, the authors place sequential floras in their paleogeographic, paleoclimatic and geologic context, and extract a detailed history of biotic response to the dynamics of physical change.’ Bruce H. Tiffney, University of California, Santa Barbara   ’This beautifully-illustrated monograph of the macro- and microfloras from the late Cenozoic of Iceland is a worthy successor to Oswald Heer’s “Flora fossilis arctica”. Its broad scope makes it a must for all scientists interested in climatic change and palaeobiogeography in the North Atlantic region. It will remain a classic for years to come.’ David K. Ferguson, University of Vienna.

Paleobotany --- Plants --- Flora --- Plant kingdom --- Plantae --- Vascular plants --- Vegetable kingdom --- Vegetation --- Wildlife --- Organisms --- Botany --- Fossil botany --- Palaeobotany --- Paleontology --- Caenozoic Era --- Cainozoic Era --- Cenozoic Era --- Evolution (Biology). --- Paleontology . --- Geology. --- Climatic changes. --- Geography. --- Arts. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Paleontology. --- Climate Change. --- Geography, general. --- Arts, Fine --- Arts, Occidental --- Arts, Western --- Fine arts --- Humanities --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Natural history --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Environmental aspects --- Evolutionary biology. --- Climate change. --- Arts, Primitive --- Global environmental change

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Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- General palaeontology --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Art --- Geography --- kunst --- Europees recht --- geografie --- geologie --- paleontologie --- klimaatverandering

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This handbook is a fully illustrated compendium of glossary terms and basic principles in the field of palynology, making it an indispensable tool for all palynologists. The general chapter on pollen morphology, anatomy, and pollen development deals with essential aspects of palynology. Where appropriate, ambiguous or poorly recognized aspects are explained in greater detail, based on the present state of knowledge in palynology. The terminology section comprises more than 300 widely used terms illustrated with over 1000 high-quality light and/or electron microscope images. It provides a detailed survey of the manifold ornamentation and structures of pollen walls, and offers insights into their stunning aesthetic beauty. Terms are grouped by context to allow easier and faster comparison of similar features. In general, each term is explained on a page of its own, including the definition, plant species, and, if needed, a comprehensive explanation. The use of the terms in LM, SEM or TEM and their assignment to anatomical, morphological and/or functional pollen features are indicated by icons and color coding, respectively. The textual glossary is arranged alphabetically for faster term searches. Key literature sources are mentioned and select cross-references to the general chapter are included for better comprehension.

General ecology and biosociology --- Systematics. Taxonomy. Nomenclature --- systematische plantkunde --- biodiversiteit --- biogeografie --- General palaeontology --- allergieën --- paleontologie --- Botany --- planten --- Allergy --- Pollen --- Plant anatomy --- Plant anatomy. --- Allergy. --- Paleontology . --- Biodiversity. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Allergology. --- Paleontology. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Allergic diseases --- Allergies --- Hypersensitivity --- Hypersensitivity, Immediate --- Immediate allergy --- Immediate hypersensitivity --- Immunologic diseases --- Immunoglobulin E --- Plant structure --- Plants --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Structure --- Plant development. --- Plant systematics. --- Plant taxonomy. --- Botanical classification --- Botanical systematics --- Botanical taxonomy --- Classification --- Plant biosystematics --- Plant classification --- Plant systematics --- Plant taxonomy --- Systematic botany --- Systematics (Botany) --- Taxonomy, Plant --- Plant taxonomists --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Ontogeny --- Palynology

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General palaeontology --- Systematics. Taxonomy. Nomenclature --- General ecology and biosociology --- Botany --- Allergy --- systematische plantkunde --- biodiversiteit --- biogeografie --- allergieën --- planten --- paleontologie

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This open access book offers a fully illustrated compendium of glossary terms and basic principles in the field of palynology, making it an indispensable tool for all palynologists. It is a revised and extended edition of “Pollen Terminology. An illustrated handbook,” published in 2009. This second edition, titled “Illustrated Pollen Terminology” shares additional insights into new and stunning aspects of palynology. In this context, the general chapters have been critically revised, expanded and restructured. The chapter “Misinterpretations in Palynology” has been extended with new research data and additional ambiguous terms, e.g., polyads vs. massulae; the chapter “Methods in Palynology” has been extensively enhanced with illustrated protocols showing the majority of the methods and techniques used when studying recent and fossil pollen with LM, SEM and TEM. Moreover, additional information about the description and publication of pollen data is provided in the chapter “How to Describe and Illustrate Pollen Grains.” Various other parts of the general chapters have now been updated and/or extended with more comprehensive textual passages and new illustrations. The chapter “Illustrated Pollen Terms” now features new and more appropriate examples of each term, including additional LM micrographs. Where necessary, the entries for selected pollen terms have been refined by rewording or adding definitions, illustrations, and new micrographs. Lastly, new terms are included, such as “suprasculpture” and the prefix “nano-“ for ornamentation features. The chapter “Illustrated Pollen Terms” is the main part of this book and comprises more than 300 widely used terms illustrated with over 1,000 high-quality images. It provides a detailed survey of the manifold ornamentation and structures of pollen, and offers essential insights into their stunning beauty.

General palaeontology --- Systematics. Taxonomy. Nomenclature --- General ecology and biosociology --- Phytomorphology. Phytoanatomy --- Botany --- Allergy --- systematische plantkunde --- biodiversiteit --- biogeografie --- allergieën --- planten --- paleontologie