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By comparing peasant revolutions in Hunan and Jiangxi between 1926 and 1934, Revolutions as Organizational Change offers a new organizational perspective on peasant revolutions. Utilizing newly available historical materials in the People's Republic of China in the reform era, it challenges the established view that the great Chinese revolution of the twentieth century was a revolution "made" by the Chinese Communist Party (the CCP). The book begins with a puzzle presented by the two peasant revolutions. While outside mobilization by the CCP was largely absent in Hunan, peasant revolutionary behaviors were spontaneous and radical. In Jiangxi, however, despite intense mobilization by the CCP, peasants remained passive and conservative. This study seeks to resolve the puzzle by examining the roles of communal cooperative institutions in the making of peasant revolutions. Historically, peasant communities in many parts of the world were regulated by powerful cooperative institutions to confront environmental challenges. This book argues that different communal organizational principles affect peasants' perceptions of the legitimacy of their communal orders. Agrarian rebellions can be caused by peasants' attempts to restructure unjust and illegitimate communal organizational orders, while legitimate communal organizational orders can powerfully constrain the mobilization by outside revolutionary agents such as the CCP.

Peasants --- Revolutions --- Peasantry --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Political activity --- History --- Zhongguo gong chan dang. --- Zhong guo gong chan dang --- Chung-kuo kung chʻan tang --- Chūgoku Kyōsantō --- Chungguk Kongsandang --- 中国共产党 --- 中國共產黨 --- КПК --- KPK --- Komunistická strana Číny --- Komunistička partija Kine --- Communist Party of China --- Chinese Communist Party --- Communist Party (China) --- Gong chan dang (China) --- 共产党 (China) --- Коммунистическая партия Китая --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ Kitai︠a︡ --- Shina Kyōsantō --- Китайска комунистическа партия --- Kitaĭska komunisticheska partii︠a︡ --- Partido Comunista de China --- PCCh --- Parti communiste chinois --- CCP --- Partito comunista cinese --- KPCh --- Kommunistische Partei Chinas --- К.П.К. --- K.P.K. --- CPC --- C.C.P. --- Partia Komuniste të Kinës --- Đảng cộng sản Trung quốc --- Zhong gong --- 中共 --- Pcc --- P.C. Chino --- ХКН --- KhKN --- Хятадын Коммунист нам --- Khi︠a︡tadyn Kommunist nam --- Zhongguo gong chan dang --- History.

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This book contains papers presented at the International Conference on Science Education 2012, ICSE 2012, held in Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. It features the work of science education researchers from around the world addressing a common theme, Science Education: Policies and Social Responsibilities. The book covers a range of topics including international science education standards, public science education and science teacher education. It also examines how STEM education has dominated some countries’ science education policy, ways brain research might provide new approaches for assessment, how some countries are developing their new national science education standards with research-based evidence, and ways science teacher educators can learn from each other. Science education research is vital in the development of national science education policies, including science education standards, teacher professional development and public understanding of science. Featuring the work of an international group of science education researchers, this book offers many insightful ideas, experiences and strategies that will help readers better understand and address challenges in the field.

Teaching --- Didactics of sciences --- wetenschapsleer --- onderwijs