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The term 'radicalization' immediately evokes images of extremism, Muslim fundamentalism, and violence. The phenomenon is considered one of the evil forces triggering acts of terrorism and confl icts around the world. These notions also colour the way we view Sub-Saharan Africa since the Boko Haram uprising in Nigeria in 2009 and the spillover consequences of the Libyan civil war in 2012. This book aims to broaden our understanding of radicalization. It searches for the deeper wellsprings of radicalization as a force not only negative in outcome, but also pregnant with opportunities and vital to social and political change. The book argues that radical ideas and persons appear primarily with a call for change. Certainly, these cries can turn extremely violent and lead to open confl ict, but could this violence have been avoided if the radicalization and people involved had initially been interpreted differently? Following an opening refl ection by a slam artist on the phenomenon of radicalization, the book presents four case studies from the past and six from the present day. The studies are drawn mainly from Sub-Saharan Africa, with one from the Netherlands. By focusing on 'biographies of radicalization' the book investigates the history of the phenomenon, the forms it takes, and the pathways that lead a person to become radicalized. Rather than focus on chronological accounts of events, the emphasis is on exploring personal trajectories and inside stories. What can we learn from these individual itineraries and forms of radicalization? Were violent outcomes inevitable, and how might the calls for change have been turned in a different direction? The last three chapters examine pathways out of radicalization, ending with a report on youth in Dakar who directly engage with problematic issues in society and creatively harness the energy for change without becoming violent radicals.

Terrorism --- Africa, Sub-Saharan.

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We cannot imagine life now without a mobile phone' is a frequent comment when Africans are asked about mobile phones. They have become part and parcel of the communication landscape in many urban and rural areas of Africa and the growth of mobile telephony is amazing: from 1 in 50 people being users in 2000 to 1 in 3 in 2008. Such growth is impressive but it does not even begin to tell us about the many ways in which mobile phones are being appropriated by Africans and how they are transforming or are being transformed by society in Africa. This volume ventures into such appropriation and mutu

Cell phones --- Social aspects --- #SBIB:39A8 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- #SBIB:309H103 --- Antropologie: linguïstiek, audiovisuele cultuur, antropologie van media en representatie --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Mediatechnologie / ICT / digitale media: sociale en culturele aspecten --- Telecommunication. --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Telecommunications --- Cell telephones --- Cellphones --- Cellular phones --- Cellular radio --- Cellular telephones --- Mobile phones --- Mobiles (Telephones) --- Phones, Cell --- Telephones, Cell --- Wireless phones --- Radio --- Telephone --- Transmitter-receivers --- Communication --- Information theory --- Telecommuting --- E-books --- Telecommunication --- Cell phones - Social aspects - Africa

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Mass communications --- Africa --- Communication --- Globalization --- Information society --- Social integration --- Telecommunication --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Telecommunications --- Information theory --- Telecommuting --- Inclusion, Social --- Integration, Social --- Social inclusion --- Sociology --- Belonging (Social psychology) --- Information superhighway --- Communication, Primitive --- Social aspects --- Social conditions

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Mandingo (African people) --- Fula (African people) --- Mandingue (Peuple d'Afrique) --- Peuls (Peuple d'Afrique) --- Africa, West --- Afrique occidentale --- Ethnic relations --- Relations interethniques --- Ethnicity --- Fula (African people). --- Mandingo (African people). --- Ethnic identity --- Group identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Malinke (African people) --- Mandé (African people) --- Manding (African people) --- Mandingue (African people) --- Mandinka (African people) --- Mandino (African people) --- Maninka (African people) --- Maninkaalu (African people) --- Soce (African people) --- Sosse (African people) --- Ethnology --- Adamawa Fula (African people) --- Adamawa Fulani (African people) --- Eastern Fulani (African people) --- Felata (African people) --- Fellani (African people) --- Foulah (African people) --- Foulbé (African people) --- Ful (African people) --- Fulah (African people) --- Fulahs --- Fulani (African people) --- Fulbe (African people) --- Fulfede (African people) --- Fulfulde (African people) --- Futa (African people) --- Peul (African people) --- Peulh (African people) --- Tukulor (African people) --- Africa, Western --- West Africa --- Western Africa --- Ethnic relations.

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Migration, Internal --- Africa --- Africa