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What is Africanness: Contesting nativism in culture, race and sexualities, by Charles Ngwena, Professor of Law at the Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, is a peer-reviewed monograph aiming to contribute to the ongoing scholarly conversation in and beyond South Africa about who is African and what is African. It aims to implicate a reductive sameness in the naming of Africans (‘nativism’) by showing its teleology and effects; and offers an alternative understanding of how Africans can be named or can name themselves. The book develops an epistemology for constructing the hermeneutics of Africanness today, long after the primal colonial moment and its debasing racialising ideology. It interrogates the making of Africa in colonial discourses and the making of an African race and African culture(s) and sexuality(ies) in ways that are not just historically conscious but also have a heuristic capacity to contest nativism from the outside as well as from within. The arguments in this book go beyond problematising African identity by addressing an existential gap in theory for explicating African social identity. The book develops an interpretive method – a hermeneutics – for locating and deciphering African identifications in ways that are historically conscious and conjunctural. The hermeneutics look to the present and the future in addition to the past, so that African identifications are not nailed to a mast but remain invested with mobility and the capacity to mutate radically and make new and unexpected beginnings.
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Minderheiten, Indigene Völker und lokale Gemeinschaften haben in der Völkerrechtsordnung einen eigenen Status, da ihre Position in der Politik der Mehrheitsgesellschaft eines besonderen Schutzes bedarf und ihnen als Gruppe bestimmte Rechte zustehen. Ungeklärt ist dabei jedoch: Wie lassen sich diese kulturell distinkten substaatlichen Gruppen rechtlich bestimmen? Wem stehen die völkerrechtlichen Garantien des Minderheitenschutzes, das Recht auf Selbstbestimmung oder die Rechte an traditionellem Wissen zu? Erfolglos drehen sich die politisch geprägten Debatten in Wissenschaft und Praxis um Definitionsansätze und Kriterien kultureller Unterschiedlichkeit. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass es die Anerkennung als 'Minderheit', 'Indigenes Volk' oder 'lokale Gemeinschaft' ist, die den konstitutiven Akt für den Status einer Gruppe bildet. Im Gegensatz zu den politischen Definitionsdebatten ermöglicht es die hier dargestellte Perspektive der Anerkennung, die statusrelevanten Prozesse und Institutionen in den Blick zu nehmen. Die Anerkennung substaatlicher Gruppen ist in Anlehnung an die Staatenanerkennung völkerrechtlich zu verorten und lässt sich interdisziplinär verankern. Die Perspektive der Anerkennung löst die Diskussion um allgemeine kriteriale Definitionen ab und ermöglicht die Machtungleichgewichte und Interessenkonflikte zu erkennen, die der Statusfrage von kulturell distinkten substaatlichen Gruppen inhärent sind.
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In this text Manning examines the formation of nineteenth-century intelligentsia print publics in the former Soviet republic of Georgia both anthropologically and historically. At once somehow part of "Europe," at least aspirationally, and yet rarely recognized by others as such, Georgia attempted to forge European style publics as a strong claim to European identity. These attempts also produced a crisis of self-definition, as European Georgia sent newspaper correspondents into newly re-conquered Oriental Georgia, only to discover that the people of these lands were strangers. In this encounter, the community of "strangers" of European Georgian publics proved unable to assimilate the people of the "strange land" of Oriental Georgia. This crisis produced both notions of Georgian public life and European identity which this book explores.
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