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Focuses on conflict in village communities of late medieval Drenthe in order to depict a typical peasant society in late medieval Europe. Village communities were the heart of the medieval countryside. But how did they operate? This book seeks to find some answers to that question by focusing on late medieval Drenthe, a region situated in a remote corner of the Holy Roman Empire and part of the prince-bishopric of Utrecht. Drenthe was an overwhelmingly localized, rural world. It had no cities, and consisted entirely of small villages. The social and economic importance of traditionally privileged sections of medieval society (clergy and nobility) was limited; free peasant landowners were the dominant social class. Based on a careful reading of normative sources (Land charters) and thousands of short verdicts given by the so-called ‘Etstoel’ or high court of justice in Drenthe, this book focuses on three types of conflict: conflicts between villages, feud-like violence, and litigations about property. These three types coincide with three levels of involvement: that of village communities as a whole, that of kin groups, and that of households. The resulting, comprehensive analysis provides a rigorous interrogation of generalized notions of the pre-industrial rural world, offering a snapshot of a typical peasant society in late medieval Europe.

History of the Low Countries --- anno 1400-1499 --- Drenthe (Prov.) --- Villages --- Peasants --- Social history --- History --- 911.375 --- 940.1 --- 940.1 Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492) --- Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492) --- 911.375 Steden. Studie van stedelijke vestiging. Geografie van steden. Stadsgeografie --- 911.375 Urban settlements (their study and geography). Towns. Cities --- Steden. Studie van stedelijke vestiging. Geografie van steden. Stadsgeografie --- Urban settlements (their study and geography). Towns. Cities

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This book surveys the development of the literacy of Polish burghers in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, revealing socio-economic and cultural processes that changed the life of Polish urban society. Polish urban literacy is examined according to the reception of Western European urban culture more generally. Town networks in medieval Poland are explained, and the literacy skills of the producers and users of the written word are discussed. Literacy skills differed greatly from one social group to another, it is shown, due to the variety of town dwellers (clerics and lay people, professionals of the written word, occasional users of writing, and illiterates). Other issues that are discussed include the cooperation between agents of lay and church literacy, the relationship between literacy and orality, and the difference between developing literacies in Latin and in the vernacular languages.

Literacy --- City dwellers --- City and town life --- Cities and towns, Medieval --- History --- History. --- Poland --- Intellectual life --- 091:028 --- 091:003 --- 911.375 --- 911.375 Steden. Studie van stedelijke vestiging. Geografie van steden. Stadsgeografie --- 911.375 Urban settlements (their study and geography). Towns. Cities --- Steden. Studie van stedelijke vestiging. Geografie van steden. Stadsgeografie --- Urban settlements (their study and geography). Towns. Cities --- 091:003 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Semiotiek. Schriften. Tekens en symbolen. Codes. Grafische voorstellingen --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Semiotiek. Schriften. Tekens en symbolen. Codes. Grafische voorstellingen --- 091:028 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Lezen. Lectuur --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Lezen. Lectuur

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This book sheds new light on a key stage in the development of the tightly knit urban fabric of early-modern Rome, adopting an innovative, multi-disciplinary approach.During his reign (1534-1549), Pope Paul III transformed Rome from a derelict town to a dignified and even triumphal city. This richly illustrated book uses mainly unpublished documentation to investigate a range of multi-media urban, architectural and artistic projects promoted by Paul III. It adopts a multi-disciplinary approach to deepen our knowledge of Rome's visual culture after the Sack of 1527, providing a nuanced and fresh understanding of the social, economic and political conditions underpinning the creation of celebrated masterpieces, like Michelangelo's 'Last Judgement' or his design of the Campidoglio. This study - the first entirely dedicated to Rome during the pontificate of Paul III - re-conceptualizes the periodization of Rome's early-modern history, which is traditionally polarized between the High Renaissance and the Baroque, and establishes Paul III's reign as the hinge between these two, seemingly disconnected, periods. In addressing these topics, artworks and urban spaces are analyzed as a means to engage with themes intensely discussed in recent scholarship, such as the creation of space, he inhabited urban environment and the intersection of art, politics and propaganda --

Art --- History of Italy --- urban history --- visual culture --- Paul III [Pope] --- Rome --- Paul --- Intellectual life --- City planning --- Rites and ceremonies --- Popes --- Vie intellectuelle --- Urbanisme --- Rites et cérémonies --- Papes --- Election --- Élection --- Paul III --- Et les arts --- Architecture, Renaissance --- Painting, Renaissance --- Sculpture, Renaissance --- Church architecture --- Urban beautification --- History --- Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano --- Rome (Italy) --- Et les arts. --- 27 <45> "15" --- 262.13 PAULUS III --- 27 <45 ROMA> --- 27 <45 ROMA> Histoire de l'Eglise--Italië--ROMA --- 27 <45 ROMA> Kerkgeschiedenis--Italië--ROMA --- Histoire de l'Eglise--Italië--ROMA --- Kerkgeschiedenis--Italië--ROMA --- 262.13 PAULUS III Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--PAULUS III --- Pausschap. Heilige Stoel. Vaticaan. Paus als soeverein--PAULUS III --- 27 <45> "15" Histoire de l'Eglise--Italië--?"15" --- 27 <45> "15" Kerkgeschiedenis--Italië--?"15" --- Histoire de l'Eglise--Italië--?"15" --- Kerkgeschiedenis--Italië--?"15" --- Kunst --- Architectuur --- Stadsplanning --- 911.375 --- 945.55 A/Z --- 911.375 Steden. Studie van stedelijke vestiging. Geografie van steden. Stadsgeografie --- 911.375 Urban settlements (their study and geography). Towns. Cities --- Steden. Studie van stedelijke vestiging. Geografie van steden. Stadsgeografie --- Urban settlements (their study and geography). Towns. Cities --- 945.55 A/Z Geschiedenis van Italië: Umbria--(reg./lok.) --- Geschiedenis van Italië: Umbria--(reg./lok.) --- Paul - III, - Pope, - 1468-1549. --- kunst en godsdienst --- architectuur, Italië --- Rites et cérémonies --- Élection