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In den letzten Jahren hat das Interesse an Partikeln, die eine wichtige Rolle in der Interaktion zwischen Sprecher und Adressaten spielen, sehr zugenommen. Dieses Buch konzentriert sich auf die lateinischen Partikeln nempe, quippe, scilicet, videlicet und nimirum , die alle anzeigen, wie sicher der Sprecher ist oder sich zeigen will. Der Hauptteil beschäftigt sich mit den Unterschieden zwischen diesen Partikeln. Mit diesem Buch wird das wenig untersuchte Gebiet der lateinischen Modalpartikeln oder ‘Commitment Markers’ erschlossen mit Hilfe moderner linguistischer Theorien und Analysen vergleichbarer Partikeln in modernen Sprachen und im Lateinischen. Recently there has been growing interest in particles which play an important role in the interaction between speaker and addressee. This book focuses on the Latin particles nempe, quippe, scilicet, videlicet and nimirum , all of which show how certain the speaker is or would like to be thought. In particular the study concentrates on the differences between these words. With this study the scarcely researched field of Latin modal particles or ‘commitment markers’ is made much clearer using modern linguistic theories and analyses of comparable particles in modern languages and in Latin.

Latin language --- Classical languages --- Italic languages and dialects --- Classical philology --- Latin philology --- Adverbs. --- Discourse analysis. --- Particles. --- Adverbs --- Discourse analysis --- Particles --- Latin language - Particles --- Latin language - Adverbs --- Latin language - Discourse analysis --- Latin (langue) --- Modalité (linguistique). --- Particules (linguistique). --- Adverbes.

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Der Semantik-Band des Handbuchs der deutschen Konnektoren beschreibt erstmals umfassend die Bedeutung der deutschen Konnektoren und etabliert eine theoretisch begründete semantische Klassifikation dieser Satzverknüpfer, die auf der syntaktischen Klassifikation des ersten Bandes des Handbuchs von Pasch et al. (2003) aufbaut. Der Semantik-Band richtet sich in erster Linie an ein linguistisches Fachpublikum. Durch die Darstellung der spezifischen Gebrauchsbedingungen satzverknüpfender Einheiten ist es darüber hinaus für Bereiche relevant, in denen das Verfassen und Verstehen von Texten Thema ist, wie Deutsch als Fremdsprache, Deutschdidaktik, Computerlinguistik, Übersetzungswissenschaft und angewandte Sprachforschung.

German language --- German language --- Sentences. --- Adverbs. --- Connectors. --- Sentence Connection. --- Sentence Connectors. --- Synsemantic Expressions.

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Este estudio basado en datos de corpus ofrece un análisis semasiológico y onomasiológico del paradigma de los adjetivos y adverbios de exactitud. En la primera parte del trabajo se rastrea el desarrollo semántico particular de cada par léxico (justo / justamente, cabal / cabalmente, preciso / precisamente y exacto / exactamente). La segunda parte se centra en el desarrollo diacrónico de tres funciones pragmático-discursivas: focalización, afirmación y reformulación. Los datos analizados muestran que cada uno de estos tres microparadigmas pragmáticos cuenta con un lexema central, que es el que lidera los cambios semánticos y sintácticos que llevan al desarrollo de valores discursivos. Los demás adverbios y/o adjetivos adoptan estos nuevos usos por analogía, para lo que se propone el término «efecto paradigmático». Teniendo en cuenta el carácter polisémico y las distintas trayectorias particulares de cada par léxico, es posible explicar por qué no todos los adjetivos y adverbios de exactitud adoptan cada uno de los usos pragmáticos. Los resultados del análisis se insertan en los modelos teóricos de gramaticalización (más específicamente, pragmaticalización y subjetivización) y de cooptation (thetical grammar), que por sí mismos no son suficientes para explicar factores como las confluencias que se dan dentro de un determinado paradigma. This study presents a corpus-based semasiologial and onomasiological analysis of the paradigm of adjectives and adverbs of accuracy. Looking specifically at justo / justamente, cabal / cabalmente, preciso / precisamente, and exacto / exactamente, it is above all concerned with the development of three pragmatic-discursive functions: focalization, affirmation, and reformulation.

Spanish language --- Adjective --- Adverb --- FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY / Spanish. --- Adverbs. --- Diachrony. --- Discursive Functions. --- Paradigms. --- Spanish language - Adjective --- Spanish language - Adverb

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In Categorization and Constructional Change Damián Vergara Wilson uses the Spanish change-of-state construction quedar(se) + ADJ to analyze the impact of categorization on constructional change and productivity in data spanning eight centuries. In usage, the appearance of one adjective in the construction triggers the emergence of related ones through analogical extension propelling the expansion of semantic categories of adjectives. Categories develop in different ways reflecting the characteristics of their members in terms of semantics and conventionalization. Emergence tends to relate to the ability of one construction to attract adjective types away from another. This study gives insight into the cognitive status and complex evolution of a schematic construction in a way that supports an instance-based model of memory.

Spanish language --- Historical linguistics. --- Construction grammar. --- Figures of speech. --- Verb. --- Adverb. --- Adverbs. --- Castilian language --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and languages --- History --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Romance languages --- Language and history --- Linguistics

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Four experienced teachers of beginning Chinese have developed this introductory textbook. A pilot edition has been tested widely in classrooms and refined over a period of years. Among its salient features are lessons that are lively, amusing, and relevant to everyday life: concentrated training of ear and tongue in the sound system of Chinese; extensive grammar notes, clearly presented, with attention to mistakes English-speakers are likely to make; a carefully sequenced character workbook embodying a new and effective approach to the learning of Chinese characters; and audiovisual reinforcement via a complete set of audiotapes and two videotapes, one of which offers entertaining dramatizations of the lesson dialogues. The Chinese Primer is available in two versions, one using the GR system of romanization, which employs different spellings instead of diacritical marks for different tones, the other using Pinyin romanization. The contents of the four volumes are as follows: (1) Blue Book [Lessons]: Introduction; foundation work on pronunciation; lesson dialogues in romanized Chinese and English; appendices; glossary-index. (2) Red Book [ Notes and Exercises ]: Vocabularies; grammar notes and culture notes keyed to the lessons; exercises. (3) Yellow Book [Character Workbook]: workbook. (4) Green Book [Pinyin Character Text]: Texts of the lessons in both traditional and simplified Chinese characters, and a Chinese introduction for teachers. The first three volumes: Blue Book, Red Book, and Yellow Book are sold as a set (GR Set or Pinyin Set). In addition, the GR Blue Book [Lessons], GR Red Book [ Notes and Exercises ], and GR Yellow Book [Character Workbook] , along with the Pinyin Green Book [Pinyin Character Text], along with the Pinyin Green Book [Pinyin Character Text] are sold separately. The GR Audio and video materials are available from the Chinese Linguistics Project at Princeton University for use with this text. These supplementary materials are not published by Princeton University Press. For further information and prices, contact the Chinese Linguistics Project, 231 Palmer Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J. 08544. (609-258-4269).

Chinese language --- English. --- Adj. functions as verb. --- Adverbs used for emphasis. --- Beverages. --- Big Characters. --- Chinese Names. --- Classroom. --- Comparisons. --- Determinatives. --- Double negative. --- Eating banquet style. --- Eating family style. --- Homework. --- Imperative with subject. --- Little Characters. --- Minor Sentences. --- Modifier precedes modified. --- Money (counting). --- Nominal predicates. --- Pivot sentences. --- Place words. --- Potential complement. --- Predicative Complements. --- Quantified Object. --- Sentential Adverbs. --- Telling time. --- Time words. --- Transliteration of Western words. --- V-O compound. --- Verb expression in series. --- Vocabulary. --- Voicelessness of Chinese verbs. --- baa pretransitive. --- bujydaw. --- geei (someone) kann. --- geei optional geei. --- haokann. --- nankann. --- shianntzay. --- shyueshiaw. --- traditional-style Chinese.