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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Psychology --- aerobic exercise --- psychology --- physiology --- pathophysiology --- endurance sport --- amateur athletes

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It is acknowledged that practice could induce rapid change or reorganization of the brain’s cellular or neural networks as well as behaviors. Notably, practice relevant to mental or physical approach attracted great attention in this decade. It highlights profound significance both for human evolvement and individual development. Specifically, acquiring fine motor skills is a crucial premise for human being to evolve to modern human by using tools in one side. In the other side, numerous evidences indicated that motor learning involved in limb and trunks promotes the development of individual brain in anatomy and functions. Hence, motor learning is also tightly associated with developmental plasticity. These studies on brain-mind-body practice illuminate a promising way in promoting human brain health. This editorial covers wide range of brain-mind-body practice forms to summarize recent new findings and development from behavioral, physiological, neurobiological and psychological science approaches. In this research topic, we addressed recent findings from theoretical as well as experimental perspective including contributions under the following three headings: 1) intervention studies to investigate the positive effect of brain-mind-body practice on cognition and relevant brain mechanism. The intervention pattern consisted of short-term practice ranging from few hours to several weeks; 2) cross-sectional studies using expert-novice paradigm to explore the behavioral and neural system change induced by extensive brain-mind-body practice; 3) the mediators influence the relationship between practice and health outcomes and 4) new viewpoints on brain-mind-body practice from theoretical perspectives. Here we briefly highlight these articles aiming to provide a deep understanding for the association between practice, plasticity and health for readers. Additionally, it offers new insights for developing possible practice interventions for clinical treatment of neurological dysfunction or disorders.

Mind-body practice --- Brain --- fMRI --- ERP --- Acute aerobic exercise --- Cognition --- executive control --- Tai Chi Chuan --- intervention

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It is acknowledged that practice could induce rapid change or reorganization of the brain’s cellular or neural networks as well as behaviors. Notably, practice relevant to mental or physical approach attracted great attention in this decade. It highlights profound significance both for human evolvement and individual development. Specifically, acquiring fine motor skills is a crucial premise for human being to evolve to modern human by using tools in one side. In the other side, numerous evidences indicated that motor learning involved in limb and trunks promotes the development of individual brain in anatomy and functions. Hence, motor learning is also tightly associated with developmental plasticity. These studies on brain-mind-body practice illuminate a promising way in promoting human brain health. This editorial covers wide range of brain-mind-body practice forms to summarize recent new findings and development from behavioral, physiological, neurobiological and psychological science approaches. In this research topic, we addressed recent findings from theoretical as well as experimental perspective including contributions under the following three headings: 1) intervention studies to investigate the positive effect of brain-mind-body practice on cognition and relevant brain mechanism. The intervention pattern consisted of short-term practice ranging from few hours to several weeks; 2) cross-sectional studies using expert-novice paradigm to explore the behavioral and neural system change induced by extensive brain-mind-body practice; 3) the mediators influence the relationship between practice and health outcomes and 4) new viewpoints on brain-mind-body practice from theoretical perspectives. Here we briefly highlight these articles aiming to provide a deep understanding for the association between practice, plasticity and health for readers. Additionally, it offers new insights for developing possible practice interventions for clinical treatment of neurological dysfunction or disorders.

Mind-body practice --- Brain --- fMRI --- ERP --- Acute aerobic exercise --- Cognition --- executive control --- Tai Chi Chuan --- intervention

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The improvement of exercise performance in sports not only involves the enhancement of physical strength, but also includes the development of psychological and cognitive functions. There is an increasing body of evidence to show that physical exercise is a powerful way to improve a number of aspects of cognition and brain function at the systemic and behavioral levels. Yet, several questions remain: What type of exercise program is optimal for improving cognitive functions? What are the real effects of certain innovative exercise protocols on the relationship between behavior and the brain? To what extent do ergogenic aids boost cognitive function? How efficient are neuromodulation techniques in relation to behavioral performance? The answers to these questions likely require multidisciplinary insights not only from physiologists and sports scientists, but also from neuroscientists and psychologists. The manuscripts published (16 research papers and one perspective article from various academic fields) in this Special Issue Book “Exercise: A Gate That Primes the Brain to Perform” bring together current knowledge and novel directions in human exercise-cognition research dealing with performance. This book showcases the various relationships between cognitive function, brain activity, and behavioral performance with applications in sports and exercise science.

Psychology --- Muscle fatigue --- voluntary activation --- self-control --- performance --- motivation --- exercise physiology --- cognition --- high intensity interval training --- moderate intensity continuous exercise --- exercise training --- transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) --- whole-body movement --- motor system --- muscle strength --- high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) --- foot muscle strength --- passive ankle kinesthesia --- static balance --- exercise --- executive functions --- core symptoms --- children --- autism spectrum disorders --- personalized training --- personalized medicine --- exercise prescription --- inhibition --- basketball --- playing positions --- Go/NoGo --- event-related potential --- volition --- brain structure --- sense of agency --- sport --- MRI --- brain regulation --- physical performance --- cognitive performance --- supplementation --- sprint start --- cerebral oxygenation --- ventral-lateral-prefrontal-cortex --- caffeine --- prolonged intermittent exercise --- exercise performance --- acute aerobic exercise --- declarative memory --- procedural memory --- coding period --- consolidation period --- resistance training --- barbell training --- strength training --- HIFT --- neurocognition --- effort --- exertion --- obesity --- inhibitory control --- aerobic exercise --- resistance exercise --- aging --- cardiovascular exercise --- fronto-parietal network --- neuroimaging --- motor performance --- priming tDCS --- cathodal --- multiple sessions --- motor learning --- neuroplasticity --- n/a

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The improvement of exercise performance in sports not only involves the enhancement of physical strength, but also includes the development of psychological and cognitive functions. There is an increasing body of evidence to show that physical exercise is a powerful way to improve a number of aspects of cognition and brain function at the systemic and behavioral levels. Yet, several questions remain: What type of exercise program is optimal for improving cognitive functions? What are the real effects of certain innovative exercise protocols on the relationship between behavior and the brain? To what extent do ergogenic aids boost cognitive function? How efficient are neuromodulation techniques in relation to behavioral performance? The answers to these questions likely require multidisciplinary insights not only from physiologists and sports scientists, but also from neuroscientists and psychologists. The manuscripts published (16 research papers and one perspective article from various academic fields) in this Special Issue Book “Exercise: A Gate That Primes the Brain to Perform” bring together current knowledge and novel directions in human exercise-cognition research dealing with performance. This book showcases the various relationships between cognitive function, brain activity, and behavioral performance with applications in sports and exercise science.

Muscle fatigue --- voluntary activation --- self-control --- performance --- motivation --- exercise physiology --- cognition --- high intensity interval training --- moderate intensity continuous exercise --- exercise training --- transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) --- whole-body movement --- motor system --- muscle strength --- high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) --- foot muscle strength --- passive ankle kinesthesia --- static balance --- exercise --- executive functions --- core symptoms --- children --- autism spectrum disorders --- personalized training --- personalized medicine --- exercise prescription --- inhibition --- basketball --- playing positions --- Go/NoGo --- event-related potential --- volition --- brain structure --- sense of agency --- sport --- MRI --- brain regulation --- physical performance --- cognitive performance --- supplementation --- sprint start --- cerebral oxygenation --- ventral-lateral-prefrontal-cortex --- caffeine --- prolonged intermittent exercise --- exercise performance --- acute aerobic exercise --- declarative memory --- procedural memory --- coding period --- consolidation period --- resistance training --- barbell training --- strength training --- HIFT --- neurocognition --- effort --- exertion --- obesity --- inhibitory control --- aerobic exercise --- resistance exercise --- aging --- cardiovascular exercise --- fronto-parietal network --- neuroimaging --- motor performance --- priming tDCS --- cathodal --- multiple sessions --- motor learning --- neuroplasticity --- n/a