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An increasing number of tropical timber producing nations have enacted bans on export of logs. Proponents argue that a log export ban is a second-best policy tool for addressing environmental externalities; it also creates more jobs and improves scale efficiencies domestically. Theoretical arguments suggest that log export bans are largely incapable of achieving their objectives. However, little quantitative evidence exists. The authors maintain that eliminating log export bans in Costa Rica could generate economic gains as high as $14 million annually in addition to the environmental benefits.

Exports and Imports --- Taxation --- Agribusiness --- Environmental Economics --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Trade and Environment --- Renewable Resources and Conservation: Forestry --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- Environmental Economics: General --- Trade: General --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- International economics --- Environmental economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Agroindustries --- Environment --- Trade barriers --- Exports --- Tariffs --- Economic sectors --- International trade --- Taxes --- Agricultural industries --- Environmental sciences --- Commercial policy --- Tariff --- Costa Rica

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Although few would doubt that very high inflation is bad for growth, there is much less agreement about moderate inflation’s effects. Using panel regressions and a nonlinear specification, this paper finds a statistically and economically significant negative relationship between inflation and growth. This relationship holds at all but the lowest inflation rates and is robust across various samples and specifications. The method of binary recursive trees identifies inflation as one the most important statistical determinants of growth. Finally, while there are short-run growth costs of disinflation, these are only relevant for the most severe disinflations, or when the initial inflation rate is well within the single-digit range.

Inflation --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Agribusiness --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Macroeconomics --- Labour --- income economics --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- Public finance & taxation --- Disinflation --- Human capital --- Agroindustries --- Public expenditure review --- Prices --- Economic sectors --- Expenditure --- Agricultural industries --- Expenditures, Public --- United States

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This paper emphasizes the importance of total factor productivity (TFP) developments in the nontradables sector to quantitatively demonstrate that the time-honored Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis does not generally apply to episodes of economic growth. Though the Balassa- Samuelson hypothesis postulates that strong economic growth should, in general, be accompanied by a real appreciation in exchange rates, this paper does not find such systematic links. This is because some growth spurts are marked by equal TFP gains in both the tradables and nontradables sectors, and others by larger TFP gains in the nontradables sector.

Economic development. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Foreign exchange rates. --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Agribusiness --- Production and Operations Management --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Labor Economics: General --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Labour --- income economics --- Total factor productivity --- Agroindustries --- Real exchange rates --- Productivity --- Labor --- Industrial productivity --- Agricultural industries --- Labor economics --- United States

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In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

Investments: Commodities --- Investments: Energy --- Exports and Imports --- Infrastructure --- Agribusiness --- Energy: General --- Trade: General --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General --- Commodity Markets --- Investment & securities --- International economics --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- Macroeconomics --- Oil --- Exports --- Agroindustries --- Transportation --- Commodities --- Economic sectors --- International trade --- National accounts --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Agricultural industries --- Saving and investment --- Commercial products --- Brunei Darussalam

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This paper discusses Mozambique’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper—Economic and Social Plan for 2005. In the international context, the paper presents the evolution of the international economy so as to understand under what economic conditions the country will have to implement its economic and social policy. It discusses the major macroeconomic objectives, and the evolution of the main economic indicators for Mozambique. The paper also presents the main policy measures to be implemented by the government, targets, and activities.

Poverty --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Mozambique --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy. --- Macroeconomics --- Agribusiness --- Diseases: AIDS and HIV --- Education: General --- Health Behavior --- Health: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Agricultural Markets and Marketing --- Cooperatives --- Education --- HIV/AIDS --- Health economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Agriculture, agribusiness & food production industries --- HIV and AIDS --- Health --- Labor --- Agroindustries --- Economic sectors --- HIV --- Viruses --- Labor economics --- Agricultural industries --- Mozambique, Republic of