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From Turkey to Egypt, Bulgaria to Ukraine, and Brazil to India, we witness the rise of an angry urban middle class protesting against what they see as fundamental corruption of their political regimes, perceived as predatory and inefficient. Corruption is near the top of all global protesters' list of grievances - from the Occupy movement to the Arab Spring. Their countries have benefited to varying degrees from globalization, but their regimes have all failed to evolve politically to meet their expectations. Corruption has become the main explanation for failures in government performance, for networks of patrons and clients subverting fair competition, and for billions of Euro in disappearing public funds, national or foreign assistance income. The economic crisis exposed the hypocrisy of rich countrieswhich control corruption at home but use it to advance their economic interests abroad. The rise in the last two decades of an international anti-corruption regime only raised awareness but failed so far to diminish corruption. There is increasing demand for good governance resulting in quality education and health systems, and denunciation of sheer bread and circus populism. Briefly put, governments unable to control corruption cannot get away with organizing football World Cups anymore. Volume 2 of the Anticorruption Report tackles these issues across key cases and developments. Korruption sei der häufigste Anlass für Proteste - weltweit: Von der Occupy?Bewegung bis zum Arabischen Frühling, immer sei es ein Versagen der politischen Elite, das junge Menschen auf die Straße treibe. Für dieses Versagen seien häufig Vetternwirtschaft, Bestechung und die Veruntreuung öffentlicher Gelder die Ursachen. So lauten einige der Ergebnisse des EU?Forschungsprogramms Anticorrp (Anticorruption Policies Revisited: Global Trends and European Responses to the Challenge of Corruption). Bei diesem Sammelband handelt es sich um die Fortsetzung des ersten Antikorruptionberichts. In Fallstudien aus der Ukraine, Bulgarien, Ruanda und Katar werden die Entwicklung der Korruption und ihre Bekämpfung nachgezeichnet. Pw-portal.de, 12.02.2015

Anticorruption --- frontline reports --- instruments of measurement

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The main development objective of the work has been to use the MAPS assessment tool to assess the quality and effectiveness of Moldova's public procurement system and on that basis create an evidence base for future reforms. In order to achieve this objective, the assessment has endeavored to: identify strengths and weaknesses of the public procurement system in Moldova, and benchmarking it with international best practices and standards; identify any substantial gaps that negatively impact the quality and performance of the public procurement system; help the Government to prioritize efforts in public procurement reform to enable: balanced accountability mechanisms between the Government, citizens, and the private sector; governance of risk management in the procurement cycle; and integration of the public procurement system with the overall public finance management, budgeting and service delivery processes; provide a comparative analysis of the country's two parallel procurement systems (Government and State Owned Enterprises (SOEs)), between each other and against MAPS standards; and suggest recommendations to enhance the public procurement system and jointly with the Government elaborate an action plan for reforms to continuously enhance the quality and performance of the procurement system; In addition, and at the request of the Ministry of Finance, the assessment will include spend analysis which will help the Government reduce procurement costs and improve efficiency in public procurement to generate savings.

Accountability --- Anticorruption --- Public Procurement --- Public Sector Development --- Transparency

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This paper considers the possibility of collective action by the business community to counter corruption in the award of government licenses and contracts. The analogy is with contract enforcement institutions studied by economic historians and contract law scholars. The institution in this context comprises a no-bribery norm, a community system to detect violations, and a multilateral ostracism penalty upon conviction in a community tribunal. The requirements such an institution must meet if it is to be effective are analyzed. It is shown that an institution of sufficient quality-combining probability of correct detection and severity of punishment-can eliminate bribery. If the private institution is not sufficiently good, then in conjunction with the state's formal apparatus it reduces the level of bribes demanded, but increases the probability of winning the license or contract through bribery. An improvement in the government's formal anti-corruption mechanism, holding the private institution constant, reduces both the level of bribes and the probability of success through bribery. The two institutions together are shown to achieve substantially better outcomes than either can on its own.

Anticorruption --- Business Community --- Corruption & Anticorruption Law --- Crime and Society --- Cultural Issues --- E-Business --- Law and Development --- Multilateral Ostracism Penalty --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measure --- Public Sector Development --- Social Accountability --- Social Development

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Redress procedures are important for basic fairness. In addition, they can help address principal-agent problems in the implementation of social policies and provide information to policy makers regarding policy design. To function effectively, a system of redress requires a well-designed and inter-linked supply of redress procedures as well as, especially if rights consciousness is not well-developed in a society, a set of organizations that stimulate and aggregate demand for redress. On the supply side, this paper identifies three kinds of redress procedures: administrative venues within government agencies, independent institutions outside government departments, and courts. On the demand side, the key institutions are nongovernmental organizations/civil society organizations and the news media, both of which require a receptive political and economic climate to function effectively. Overall, procedures for redressing grievances and complaints regarding basic service delivery are under-developed in many countries, and deserve further analysis, piloting, and support.

Administrative Law --- Basic Services --- Corruption & Anticorruption Law --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Law and Development --- Public Sector Corruption & Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Regulation

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Redress procedures are important for basic fairness. In addition, they can help address principal-agent problems in the implementation of social policies and provide information to policy makers regarding policy design. To function effectively, a system of redress requires a well-designed and inter-linked supply of redress procedures as well as, especially if rights consciousness is not well-developed in a society, a set of organizations that stimulate and aggregate demand for redress. On the supply side, this paper identifies three kinds of redress procedures: administrative venues within government agencies, independent institutions outside government departments, and courts. On the demand side, the key institutions are nongovernmental organizations/civil society organizations and the news media, both of which require a receptive political and economic climate to function effectively. Overall, procedures for redressing grievances and complaints regarding basic service delivery are under-developed in many countries, and deserve further analysis, piloting, and support.

Administrative Law --- Basic Services --- Corruption & Anticorruption Law --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Law and Development --- Public Sector Corruption & Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Regulation