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"Recent research into the military history of ancient Greece has questioned the central role traditionally ascribed to the famous hoplite phalanx by historians and suggested that even as late as the Persian Wars of 480-479 BC, Greek battles consisted essentially of open fighting and duels between individual combatants, in an almost Homeric fashion. In this meticulous study, Adam Schwartz in turn questions the new orthodoxy. Departing from a detailed scrutiny of hoplite equipment and its physical characteristics, the author demonstrates that this equipment must in fact have been developed specifically to meet the needs of warriors fighting in closed formation, which, it is shown, can be traced back into the eighth century BC. In this way, the study is not only a reappraisal of the role of the phalanx, but also a significant contribution to the study of Archaic Greek history. Great emphasis is, furthermore, placed upon the illumination of such crucial questions as the duration of the average hoplite battle and the role of the othismos - pushing - in deciding the outcome. In short, this book will quickly claim its place as one of the basic studies of ancient Greek hoplite battle"--Book jacket.

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Men of Bronze takes up one of the most important and fiercely debated subjects in ancient history and classics: how did archaic Greek hoplites fight, and what role, if any, did hoplite warfare play in shaping the Greek polis? In the nineteenth century, George Grote argued that the phalanx battle formation of the hoplite farmer citizen-soldier was the driving force behind a revolution in Greek social, political, and cultural institutions. Throughout the twentieth century scholars developed and refined this grand hoplite narrative with the help of archaeology. But over the past thirty years scholars have criticized nearly every major tenet of this orthodoxy. Indeed, the revisionists have persuaded many specialists that the evidence demands a new interpretation of the hoplite narrative and a rewriting of early Greek history. Men of Bronze gathers leading scholars to advance the current debate and bring it to a broader audience of ancient historians, classicists, archaeologists, and general readers. After explaining the historical context and significance of the hoplite question, the book assesses and pushes forward the debate over the traditional hoplite narrative and demonstrates why it is at a crucial turning point. Instead of reaching a consensus, the contributors have sharpened their differences, providing new evidence, explanations, and theories about the origin, nature, strategy, and tactics of the hoplite phalanx and its effect on Greek culture and the rise of the polis. The contributors include Paul Cartledge, Lin Foxhall, John Hale, Victor Davis Hanson, Donald Kagan, Peter Krentz, Kurt Raaflaub, Adam Schwartz, Anthony Snodgrass, Hans van Wees, and Gregory Viggiano.

Armor, Ancient --- Weapons, Ancient --- Soldiers --- Military art and science --- Ancient weapons --- Arms and armor, Ancient --- Armed Forces personnel --- Members of the Armed Forces --- Military personnel --- Military service members --- Service members --- Servicemen, Military --- Armed Forces --- Fighting --- Military power --- Military science --- Warfare --- Warfare, Primitive --- Naval art and science --- War --- Ancient armor --- History --- Greece --- al-Yūnān --- Ancient Greece --- Ellada --- Ellas --- Ellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Elliniki Dimokratia --- Grčija --- Grèce --- Grecia --- Gret︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Griechenland --- Hellada --- Hellas --- Hellenic Republic --- Hellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Kingdom of Greece --- République hellénique --- Royaume de Grèce --- Vasileion tēs Hellados --- Xila --- Yaṿan --- Yūnān --- Ελληνική Δημοκρατία --- Ελλάς --- Ελλάδα --- Греция --- اليونان --- يونان --- 希腊 --- History, Military --- Aristotle. --- Assyrian army. --- Etruscan Bomarzo shield. --- Greek culture. --- Greek history. --- Greek hoplites. --- Greek infantry. --- Greek mercenaries. --- Greek military history. --- Greek social status. --- Greek soldiers. --- Greek state. --- Greek values. --- Greek warfare. --- Homeric epics. --- Homeric warfare. --- Oriental influence. --- Persian army. --- Politics. --- The Other Greeks. --- The Western Way of War. --- agrarianism. --- ancient Greece. --- ancient Greek warfare. --- archaeology. --- archaic Greek arms. --- archaic Greeks. --- chronological framework. --- citizen-soldier. --- citizen-soldiers. --- double-grip shield. --- early Greek hoplite warfare. --- early Greek infantry. --- economic change. --- elite landowners. --- gentlemen farmers. --- gradualism. --- grand hoplite narrative. --- hoplite armor. --- hoplite arms. --- hoplite battle. --- hoplite class. --- hoplite debate. --- hoplite equipment. --- hoplite fighting. --- hoplite formations. --- hoplite iconography. --- hoplite ideology. --- hoplite orthodoxy. --- hoplite panoply. --- hoplite reform. --- hoplite shield. --- hoplite warfare. --- hoplite weapons. --- hoplites. --- leisure class. --- literary sources. --- lyric poetry. --- mass collision. --- material culture. --- mercenary service. --- middling farmers. --- modern historians. --- phalanx. --- poetry. --- polis. --- political development. --- revisionism. --- site survey. --- small-scale farmers. --- social change. --- sociopolitical issues. --- spear. --- survey archaeology. --- survey data. --- survey projects. --- yeomen farmers. --- Military art and science - Greece - History - To 1500 - Congresses --- Soldiers - Greece - History - To 1500 - Congresses --- Armor, Ancient - Greece - Congresses --- Greece - History, Military - To 146 BC - Congresses