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Written by a highly regarded scholar in the field, this is the first published study on the Greek kingdoms of Bactria and India that treats them as Hellenistic states. The book begins with an overview of the Seleucid settlement, providing a background to the relations between Greeks and Asiatics after the death of Alexander the Great. Covering the period from 206 to 145 BCE, the book analyses the reigns of Euthydemus I, Demetrius I and Menander I, and explains how they accomplished Alexander's dream of co-operation instead of domination in the eastern provinces. Tarn's work examines this little-discussed topic and presents it to the reader in a clear and accessible style, making this a great scholarly contribution that remains unsurpassed in breadth and depth. The second edition from 1966 (reissued here) includes an Addendum explaining the further discoveries since the work was first published in 1951.

Greeks --- Hellenism. --- Indo-Scythians. --- India --- Bactria --- History --- History. --- Iranians --- Scythians --- Ethnology --- Mediterranean race --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana

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This is the first publication of a group of 30 documents on leather in Official Aramaic, dating to the 4th century bc and reflecting the practice of the Achaemenian administration in Bactria and Sogdiana. Eighteen inscribed wooden sticks, for use as tallies, dated to the third year of King Darius III, are also included. They are considered to be the second most important discovery of its type known. Two of the leather documents relate to the fall of the Persian Empire: one mentions Bessus, the usurper of the Persian throne, travelling to Warnu (Greek Aornos); the other is a long list of supplies in the year 7 of King Alexander. In addition to their valuable historical contents, the documents enrich our knowledge of Aramaic and its lexicon. The documents are given in Aramaic with translation, introduction, commentary and glossary. The volume is lavishly illustrated.

Aramaic language --- Sogdians --- 939.6 --- Sogdy --- Ethnology --- Aramean language --- Biblical Aramaic language --- Chaldaic language --- Chaldean language (Aramaic) --- Chaldee language --- Semitic languages, Northwest --- Syriac language --- 939.6 Geschiedenis van Centraal-Azië: Hyrcania; Bactriana; Ariana --- Geschiedenis van Centraal-Azië: Hyrcania; Bactriana; Ariana --- Texts. --- History. --- Achaemenid dynasty, --- Bactria --- History --- Texts --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana

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Thundering Zeus uses an innovative, interdisciplinary approach to resolve one of the greatest puzzles in all of Hellenistic history. This book explores the remarkable rise of a Greek-ruled kingdom in ancient Bactria (modern Afghanistan) during the third century B.C. Diodotus I and II, whose dynasty emblazoned its coins with the dynamic image of Thundering Zeus, led this historic movement by breaking free of the Seleucid Empire and building a strong independent state in Central Asia. The chronology and crises that defined their reigns have been established here for the first time, and Frank Holt sets this new history into the larger context of Hellenistic studies. The best sources for understanding Hellenistic Bactria are archaeological, and they include a magnificent trove of coins. In addition to giving a history of Bactria, Thundering Zeus provides a catalog of these coins, as well as an introduction to the study of numismatics itself. Holt presents this fascinating material with the precision and acuity of a specialist and with the delight of an admirer, providing an up-to-date full catalog of known Diodotid coinage, and illustrating twenty-three coins.

Coins, Greek --- -Greeks --- -Numismatics --- Archaeology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- History, Ancient --- Ethnology --- Mediterranean race --- Greek coins --- Bactria --- -Bactria --- -History --- -Study and teaching --- Coins, Greek. --- Grecs --- Greeks --- Greeks. --- Hellenisme. --- Monnaies grecques --- Muntvondsten. --- Numismatics. --- Numismatique. --- Study skills. --- Histoire. --- History. --- Asia --- Bactriane --- Study and teaching. --- Histoire --- Étude et enseignement. --- Numismatics --- Numismatiek --- Numismatique --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana --- Greeks - Bactria - History. --- Coins, Greek - Bactria. --- Bactria - History - Study and teaching.

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The creation of a Greek Frontier in Central Asia was one of the most famous and far-reaching achievements of Alexander the Great. Yet the process was shaped as much by the political traditions of the natives as by the cultural traditions of the newcomers. This book examines this key historical clash from both sides, and shows that the birth of Hellenistic Bactria was a traumatic one eliciting more bitterness than 'brotherhood'. The book is composed of four major parts: Part I provides an introduction to both Bactrian and Alexander studies; Part II surveys the land and peoples of Central Asia prior to Alexander's 'conquest'; Part III covers the Graeco-Macedonian invasion and the effects of colonization; Part IV treats the aftermath, from the death of Alexander to the accession of Seleucus.

Hellenism. --- Alexander, --- Bactria --- Asia, Central --- History. --- Hellenism --- Alexander Magnus. --- Alexander --- Alexander the Great --- Alexander der Große --- Alexandre le Grand --- Alejandro Magno --- Alexander de Grote --- -Asia, Central --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana --- History --- Alexander III [King of Macedonia] --- Middle East --- History of Asia --- Antiquity --- Asia [Central ] --- Asia [Central] --- Alejandro, --- Alekjhāṇḍara, --- Aleksandar, --- Aleksander, --- Aleksandr, --- Alekʻsandre, --- Aleksandros bar Filipos, --- Aleksandŭr, Makedonski, --- Aleksandŭr, --- Alessandro, --- Alexandre, --- Alexandros --- Alexandros, --- Alexandros, Megalos, --- Alexandru, --- Alexantros, --- Iskandar, --- Iskender, --- Maḳdonya, Aleksandros bar Filipos, --- Makedonski, Aleksandŭr, --- Megalexandros, --- Megas Alexandros, --- Nagy Sándor, --- Sikandar, --- Александър, --- Македонски, Александър, --- Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος, --- Ἀλέξανδρος, --- Ἀλέξανδρος --- אלכסנדר בן פיליפוס, --- אלכסנדר, --- اسكندر كبير --- اسکندر اعظم --- سکندراعظم --- Asia --- Asia, Central. --- Soviet Central Asia --- Tūrān --- Turkestan --- West Turkestan --- Baktrii͡a-Tokharistan

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Bactria --- Afghanistan --- Bactriane --- Antiquities --- Congresses --- Antiquités --- Congrès --- -Afghanistan --- -Congresses --- -Congresses. --- Conferences - Meetings --- Antiquités --- Congrès --- Afganistan --- A-fu-han --- República Democrática de Afganistán --- DRA --- Republic of Afghanistan --- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan --- Aphganistan --- Afeganistão --- Islamic State of Afghanistan --- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Affghanistan --- Efẍanistan --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Afghānistān --- جمهورى اسلامى افغانستان --- Afghānistān Islāmī Imārat --- افغانستان --- Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān --- Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Афганистэн --- Afganistėn --- Афганистэн Мыслимэн Республикэ --- Afganistėn Myslimėn Respublikė --- Islamitiese Republiek van Afghanistan --- Ahyganitã --- Tetã Islãrehegua Ahyganitã --- Ăfqanıstan --- Ăfqanıstan İslam Respublikası --- Afghanstan --- Afghanstan Islam Respublikaḣy --- Афганістан --- Afhanistan --- Ісламская Рэспубліка Афганістан --- Islamskai︠a︡ Rėspublika Afhanistan --- Apganistan --- Islamikong Republika kan Apganistan --- Афганистан --- Ислямска република Афганистан --- Isli︠a︡mska republika Afganistan --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- Republik Islamek Afghanistan --- Afghánská islámská republika --- Affganistan --- Gweriniaeth Islamaidd Affganistan --- Baktrii︠a︡-Tokharistan --- Bactriane-Tokharistan --- Bactriana --- Zariaspa --- Battriana --- Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan --- アフガニスタン --- Afuganisutan --- Congresses.