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Climate change and rising oil prices have thrust the Arctic to the top of the foreign policy agenda and raised difficult issues of sovereignty, security and environmental protection. Improved access for shipping and resource development is leading to new international rules on safety, pollution prevention and emergency response. Around the Arctic, maritime boundary disputes are being negotiated and resolved, and new international institutions, such as the Arctic Council, are mediating deep-rooted tensions between Russia and NATO and between nation states and indigenous peoples. International Law and the Arctic explains these developments and reveals a strong trend towards international cooperation and law-making. It thus contradicts the widespread misconception that the Arctic is an unregulated zone of potential conflict.

Marine resources conservation --- Marine resources --- Marine resources conservation (International law) --- Law of the sea --- Law and legislation. --- Law and legislation --- Arctic regions --- Barents Sea --- Beaufort Sea --- Barents hav --- Barents havet --- Barent︠s︡evo more --- Barentshavet --- Barent︠s︡ovo more --- Murmean Sea --- Arctic --- Arctic Ocean Region --- Arctic, The --- Far North --- The Arctic --- Polar regions --- International status. --- International cooperation. --- Law / international. --- Law --- General and Others

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The issues surrounding the regimes of ice-covered areas, international straits, and passage rights of State vessels are analysed for the purpose of assessing the status of law and State practice in Russian Arctic waters. Passage through the Northern Sea Route has for decades been one of the most contentious legal issues in Soviet/Russian - U.S. relations. The jurisdictional claims of the large Arctic coastal States indicate substantial deviation from application of established law of the sea. The regimes of straits used for international navigation and passage rights of State vessels seem subordinate to the regime of ice-covered areas. The main finding is that there are certain elements of consistency in the common interpretation of existing law and the behaviour of these States. These elements seem to have put into action the process of formation of a specific customary international law, as well as implementation and interpretation of the law under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.

International law. --- Straits --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Channels, Sea --- Narrows (Straits) --- Passages (Straits) --- Sea channels --- Territorial waters --- Barents Sea --- Kara Strait (Russia) --- Laptev Sea (Russia) --- East Siberian Sea (Russia) --- Chukchi Sea --- International status. --- Chuckchee Sea --- Chukotskoe more --- Chuckchi Sea --- East Siberian Sea (R.S.F.S.R.) --- Vostochno-Sibirskoe more (Russia) --- Vostochno-Sibirskoye more (Russia) --- Laptevykh, More (Russia) --- More Laptevykh (Russia) --- More Nordenshelda (Russia) --- Nordenshelda, More (Russia) --- Nordenskiöld Sea (Russia) --- Nordenskjöld Sea (Russia) --- Karskie Vorota (Russia) --- Karskii︠a︡ Vorota (Russia) --- Karskiya Vorota (Russia) --- Proliv Karskiye Vorota (Russia) --- Barents hav --- Barents havet --- Barent︠s︡evo more --- Barentshavet --- Barent︠s︡ovo more --- Murmean Sea