Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

With the publication of The Origins of Kabbalah in 1950, one of the most important scholars of our century brought the obscure world of Jewish mysticism to a wider audience for the first time. A crucial work in the oeuvre of Gershom Scholem, this book details the beginnings of the Kabbalah in twelfth- and thirteenth-century southern France and Spain, showing its rich tradition of repeated attempts to achieve and portray direct experiences of God. The Origins of the Kabbalah is a contribution not only to the history of Jewish medieval mysticism, but also to the study of medieval mysticism in general. Now with a new foreword by David Biale, this book remains essential reading for students of the history of religion.

Abraham Abulafia. --- Abraham bar Hiyya. --- Abraham ben David. --- Abraham ibn Ezra. --- Aggadah. --- Allusion. --- Amidah. --- Asher. --- Azriel (Jewish mystic). --- Bahir. --- Binah (Kabbalah). --- Book of Deuteronomy. --- Books of Kings. --- Catharism. --- Cherub. --- Conceptions of God. --- Consonant. --- Deity. --- Demiurge. --- Ecclesiastes. --- El Shaddai. --- Eleazar of Worms. --- Elijah. --- Elohim. --- Elyon. --- Epistle. --- Epithet. --- Eschatology. --- Etymology. --- Exegesis. --- Ezekiel. --- Figure of speech. --- Gematria. --- Gnosticism. --- God. --- Hasid (term). --- Hebrew language. --- Hebrew literature. --- Heresy. --- Ibn Tibbon. --- Isaac the Blind. --- Jewish history. --- Jewish mysticism. --- Jewish philosophy. --- Jewish prayer. --- Jews. --- Judaism. --- Kabbalah. --- Keter. --- Ketuvim. --- Kuzari. --- Literature. --- Maimonides. --- Mandaeism. --- Manichaeism. --- Meister Eckhart. --- Merkabah mysticism. --- Metatron. --- Metempsychosis. --- Midrash. --- Mishnah. --- Mishneh Torah. --- Mysticism. --- Names of God in Judaism. --- Names of God. --- Nazirite. --- Neoplatonism. --- Oral Torah. --- Oral tradition. --- Patriarchs (Bible). --- Perushim. --- Philosophy. --- Physiognomy. --- Pistis Sophia. --- Pleroma. --- Polemic. --- Preface (liturgy). --- Psalms. --- Pseudepigrapha. --- Publication. --- Rabbi. --- Rabbinic literature. --- Redaction. --- Reincarnation. --- Religion. --- Religious text. --- Righteousness. --- Samael. --- Sefer (Hebrew). --- Sefer Yetzirah. --- Shekhinah. --- Solomon ibn Gabirol. --- Tefillin. --- The Other Hand. --- Theology. --- Theosophy. --- Torah. --- Tractate. --- Writing. --- Zohar.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

When Crusader armies on their way to the Holy Land attacked Jewish communities in the Rhine Valley, many Jews chose suicide over death at the hands of Christian mobs. With their defiant deaths, the medieval Jewish martyr was born. With the literary commemoration of the victims, Jewish martyrology followed. Beautiful Death examines the evolution of a long-neglected corpus of Hebrew poetry, the laments reflecting the specific conditions of Jewish life in northern France. The poems offer insight into everyday life and into the ways medieval French Jews responded to persecution. They also suggest that poetry was used to encourage resistance to intensifying pressures to convert. The educated Jewish elite in northern France was highly acculturated. Their poetry--particularly that emerging from the innovative Tosafist schools--reflects their engagement with the vernacular renaissance unfolding around them, as well as conscious and unconscious absorption of Christian popular beliefs and hagiographical conventions. At the same time, their extraordinary poems signal an increasingly harsh repudiation of Christianity's sacred symbols and beliefs. They reveal a complex relationship to Christian culture as Jews internalized elements of medieval culture even while expressing a powerful revulsion against the forms and beliefs of Christian life. This gracefully written study crosses traditional boundaries of history and literature and of Jewish and general medieval scholarship. Focusing on specific incidents of persecution and the literary commemorations they produced, it offers unique insights into the historical conditions in which these poems were written and performed.

Jews --- Judaism --- Martyrdom --- Martyrdom in literature. --- Hebrew literature, Medieval --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Religions --- Martyrdom (Judaism) --- Persecutions --- History --- Judaism. --- History and criticism. --- Religion --- Abraham ibn Ezra. --- Allusion. --- Apostasy. --- Ashkenaz. --- Blood libel. --- Book burning. --- Book of Ezekiel. --- Books of Kings. --- Christian literature. --- Christianity. --- Conversion to Christianity. --- Conversion to Judaism. --- Crusades. --- Defection. --- Desecration. --- Desperation (novel). --- Elohim. --- Emeritus. --- Exegesis. --- Ezekiel. --- First Crusade. --- Gershom. --- God. --- Hagigah. --- Hagiography. --- Halevi. --- Harassment. --- Hazzan. --- Hebrew Bible. --- Hebrew language. --- Heresy. --- High Middle Ages. --- Historian. --- Host desecration. --- Humiliation. --- Illustration. --- In Death. --- Incorruptibility. --- Israelites. --- Jewish identity. --- Jewish studies. --- Jews. --- Kohen. --- Lament. --- Lamentations Rabbah. --- Laments (Kochanowski). --- Libation. --- Literature. --- Maimonides. --- Martyr. --- Martyrology. --- Medieval Hebrew. --- Meir of Rothenburg. --- Middle Ages. --- Mishnah. --- Nahmanides. --- Names of God in Judaism. --- Narrative. --- Old French. --- Penitential. --- Persecution. --- Piyyut. --- Poetry. --- Polemic. --- Princeton University. --- Prose. --- Psalms. --- Pyre. --- Quatrain. --- Rabbi. --- Rabbinic literature. --- Rashbam. --- Rashi. --- Relic. --- Religious text. --- Responsa. --- Righteousness. --- Second Crusade. --- Sefer (Hebrew). --- Sefer Hasidim. --- Simhah. --- Soloveitchik. --- Stanza. --- Suffering. --- Suggestion. --- Talmud. --- Tefillin. --- Ten Martyrs. --- The Other Hand. --- The Song of Roland. --- Torah scroll. --- Torah. --- Treatise. --- Troyes. --- V. --- Writer. --- Writing. --- Yechiel of Paris. --- Yom Tov of Joigny.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Historical Jesus in Context is a landmark collection that places the gospel narratives in their full literary, social, and archaeological context. More than twenty-five internationally recognized experts offer new translations and descriptions of a broad range of texts that shed new light on the Jesus of history, including pagan prayers and private inscriptions, miracle tales and martyrdoms, parables and fables, divorce decrees and imperial propaganda. The translated materials--from Christian, Coptic, and Jewish as well as Greek, Roman, and Egyptian texts--extend beyond single phrases to encompass the full context, thus allowing readers to locate Jesus in a broader cultural setting than is usually made available. This book demonstrates that only by knowing the world in which Jesus lived and taught can we fully understand him, his message, and the spread of the Gospel. Gathering in one place material that was previously available only in disparate sources, this formidable book provides innovative insight into matters no less grand than first-century Jewish and Gentile life, the composition of the Gospels, and Jesus himself.

Jesus Christ --- Divinity. --- Historicity. --- Resurrection. --- 2 Maccabees. --- Amy-Jill Levine. --- Anointing. --- Apuleius. --- Asclepius. --- Bible. --- Bibliography. --- Book of Deuteronomy. --- Book of Leviticus. --- Books of Kings. --- Books of Samuel. --- Burial. --- Caiaphas. --- Christian. --- Christianity and Judaism. --- Christianity. --- Christology. --- Crucifixion of Jesus. --- Dead Sea Scrolls. --- Deity. --- Dionysus. --- Dowry. --- Early Christianity. --- Elijah. --- Ephesus. --- Essenes. --- Eucharist. --- Exegesis. --- Ezekiel. --- Galilean. --- Gentile. --- God. --- Haggadah. --- Hebrew Bible. --- Hebrew language. --- Hebrews. --- Hellenistic period. --- Herod the Great. --- Historical Jesus. --- Imperial cult (ancient Rome). --- Isaiah 53. --- Israelites. --- Jewish Christian. --- Jewish literature. --- Jews. --- John the Baptist. --- Judaism. --- Judea (Roman province). --- Judea. --- Land of Israel. --- Life of Apollonius of Tyana. --- Literature. --- Lord's Prayer. --- Martyr. --- Meal. --- Melchizedek. --- Messiah. --- Midrash. --- Mishnah. --- Mithraism. --- Mithras Liturgy. --- Narrative. --- New Testament. --- Old Testament. --- Parable. --- Passover Seder. --- Passover. --- Persecution. --- Pharisees. --- Philosopher. --- Philostratus. --- Piety. --- Pontius Pilate. --- Psalms. --- Pseudepigrapha. --- Qumran. --- Rabbi. --- Rabbinic literature. --- Religion. --- Religious text. --- Righteousness. --- Rite. --- Ritual purification. --- Roman Empire. --- Septuagint. --- Sermon. --- Suetonius. --- Synoptic Gospels. --- Talmud. --- Tanakh. --- Targum. --- Teacher of Righteousness. --- Temple Mount. --- Temple in Jerusalem. --- Theology. --- Torah. --- Trajan. --- Turnus. --- Writing. --- Zechariah (Hebrew prophet).

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In Quest of the Hero makes available for a new generation of readers two key works on hero myths: Otto Rank's Myth of the Birth of the Hero and the central section of Lord Raglan's The Hero. Amplifying these is Alan Dundes's fascinating contemporary inquiry, "The Hero Pattern and the Life of Jesus." Examined here are the patterns found in the lore surrounding historical or legendary figures like Gilgamesh, Moses, David, Oedipus, Odysseus, Perseus, Heracles, Aeneas, Romulus, Siegfried, Lohengrin, Arthur, and Buddha. Rank's monograph remains the classic application of Freudian theory to hero myths. In The Hero the noted English ethnologist Raglan singles out the myth-ritualist pattern in James Frazer's many-sided Golden Bough and applies that pattern to hero myths. Dundes, the eminent folklorist at the University of California at Berkeley, applies the theories of Rank, Raglan, and others to the case of Jesus. In his introduction to this selection from Rank, Raglan, and Dundes, Robert Segal, author of the major study of Joseph Campbell, charts the history of theorizing about hero myths and compares the approaches of Rank, Raglan, Dundes, and Campbell.

Heroes --- Mythology. --- Jesus Christ --- Mythological interpretations. --- Aarne–Thompson classification systems. --- Afrasiab. --- Alan Dundes. --- Alcmene. --- Amulius. --- Archetype. --- Areoi. --- Astyages. --- Attis. --- Biography. --- Books of Kings. --- Carl Jung. --- Castor and Pollux. --- Castration. --- Combatant. --- Consciousness. --- Consummation. --- Counter-Reformation. --- Creation myth. --- Cuckold. --- Culture hero. --- Dhritarashtra. --- Dirce. --- Etymology. --- Euhemerism. --- Eunuch. --- Eurystheus. --- Fairy tale. --- Flood myth. --- Gottfried von Strassburg. --- Grandparent. --- Great King. --- Greek mythology. --- Gwydion. --- Herder. --- Hero Tales. --- Herodotus. --- Historical Jesus. --- Historical figure. --- Historicity of Jesus. --- Historicity. --- Important People. --- Incest. --- John Badby. --- Justin Martyr. --- Laius. --- Legend. --- Legendary creature. --- Longus. --- Mendicant. --- Menelaus. --- Morganatic marriage. --- Mr. --- Myth and ritual. --- Myth. --- Mythological Cycle. --- Narrative. --- Neurosis. --- Nimrod. --- Numitor. --- Oedipus complex. --- Oedipus. --- Ogier the Dane. --- Otto Rank. --- Our Hero. --- Parricide. --- Pelias. --- Persecution. --- Poetry. --- Priam. --- Proetus. --- Pseudohistory. --- Quibble (plot device). --- Religion. --- Rite. --- Romanticism. --- Romulus and Remus. --- Self-interest. --- Telephus. --- Teuthras. --- The Hero with a Thousand Faces. --- The Interpretation of Dreams. --- The Other Hand. --- The Persecutor. --- The Persians. --- The Power of Myth. --- The Various. --- Theocritus. --- Theory. --- Thomas Kuhn. --- Triptolemus. --- Trojan War. --- Unless. --- Uther Pendragon. --- V. --- Vladimir Propp. --- Warfare. --- Zahhak. --- Zoroaster.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

A major history of Afghanistan and its changing political cultureAfghanistan traces the historic struggles and the changing nature of political authority in this volatile region of the world, from the Mughal Empire in the sixteenth century to the Taliban resurgence today. Thomas Barfield introduces readers to the bewildering diversity of tribal and ethnic groups in Afghanistan, explaining what unites them as Afghans despite the regional, cultural, and political differences that divide them. He shows how governing these peoples was relatively easy when power was concentrated in a small dynastic elite, but how this delicate political order broke down in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries when Afghanistan's rulers mobilized rural militias to expel first the British and later the Soviets. Armed insurgency proved remarkably successful against the foreign occupiers, but it also undermined the Afghan government's authority and rendered the country ever more difficult to govern as time passed. Barfield vividly describes how Afghanistan's armed factions plunged the country into a civil war, giving rise to clerical rule by the Taliban and Afghanistan's isolation from the world. He examines why the American invasion in the wake of September 11 toppled the Taliban so quickly, and how this easy victory lulled the United States into falsely believing that a viable state could be built just as easily.Afghanistan is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how a land conquered and ruled by foreign dynasties for more than a thousand years became the "graveyard of empires" for the British and Soviets, and why the United States failed to avoid the same fate.

Islam and politics. --- Afghanistan --- History. --- Politics and government. --- Abdul Haq (Afghan leader). --- Afghan National Security Forces. --- Afghanistan. --- Agriculture. --- Ahmad Shah. --- Air pollution. --- Air taxi. --- Akbar. --- Ancien Régime. --- Arable land. --- Armistice. --- Assembly of Notables. --- Aurangzeb. --- Balkh. --- Behalf. --- Bolan Pass. --- Books of Kings. --- Bread. --- Cambridge University Press. --- Center of mass (relativistic). --- Chief of police. --- Chishti Order. --- Code of Federal Regulations. --- Community leader. --- Contingency plan. --- Defensive jihad. --- Diplomacy. --- Dost Mohammad Khan (Emir of Afghanistan). --- Early Muslim conquests. --- Elective monarchy. --- Ethnography. --- Evaporation. --- Extortion. --- Figure of the Earth. --- Figurehead. --- First Price. --- Gemstone. --- Ghazi (warrior). --- Government of Pakistan. --- Guideline. --- Hamid Karzai. --- Henry Fuseli. --- Herat. --- Hibatullah Akhundzada. --- Ideology. --- Inauguration. --- International community. --- Islamic party. --- Islamic republic. --- Kabul. --- Kandahar. --- Karakoram. --- Kuwait. --- Laser. --- Legislature. --- Luna 2. --- Madrasa. --- Mobile phone. --- Mongoloid. --- Muqaddimah. --- Nangarhar Province. --- Napoleonic era. --- Natural gas. --- North-West Frontier Province (1901–55). --- Novel. --- Olaf Caroe. --- Order of succession. --- Ownership. --- Pamiris. --- Pashtuns. --- Persecution. --- Persepolis. --- Pilot in command. --- Police state. --- Political structure. --- Primate city. --- Proclamation. --- Publication. --- Punjab (region). --- Reformism. --- Separation of church and state. --- Shah Shuja (Mughal prince). --- Shah. --- Simulation. --- Somalia. --- Soviet Central Asia. --- Taliban. --- Teacup. --- The Gentleman's Magazine. --- The Iraqis (party). --- Thomas Hobbes. --- Tribal chief. --- Tsardom of Russia. --- Uncertainty. --- Universal history. --- Utility aircraft. --- Vertical plane. --- Vice President of the United States. --- Western Power (networks corporation). --- Zalmay Khalilzad.