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Asie --- Azië --- Belgique --- België --- Geschiedenis van de nieuwste tijden --- Guerres --- Histoire contemporaine --- Oorlogen --- Korean War, 1950-1953 --- Guerre de Corée, 1950-1953 --- Participation, Belgian --- Participation des Belges --- United Nations Command. --- Polemology --- Belgium --- South Korea --- North Korea --- Guerre de Corée, 1950-1953 --- Korean War, 1950-1953 - France --- K9182 --- Korea: History -- Korean war (1950-1953) --- CVC --- Belgium.

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Unit metallurgical operations processes are usually separated into three categories: 1) hydrometallurgy (leaching, mixing, neutralization, precipitation, cementation, and crystallization); 2) pyrometallurgy (roasting and smelting); and 3) electrometallurgy (aqueous electrolysis and molten salt electrolysis). In hydrometallurgy, the aimed metal is first transferred from ores and concentrates to a solution using a selective dissolution (leaching or dry digestion) under an atmospheric pressure below 100 °C and under a high pressure (40-50 bar) and high temperature (below 270°C) in an autoclave. The purification of the obtained solution was performed using neutralization agents such as sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate or more selective precipitation agents such as sodium carbonate and oxalic acid. The separation of metals is possible using a liquid/liquid process (solvent extraction in mixer-settler) and solid–liquid (filtration in filter-press under high pressure). Crystallization is the process by which a metallic compound is converted from a liquid into a solid crystalline state via a supersaturated solution. The final step is metal production using electrochemical methods (aqueous electrolysis for basic metals such as copper, zinc, silver, and molten salt electrolysis for rare earth elements and aluminum). Advanced processes, such as ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and microwave-assisted leaching, can be combined with reduction processes in order to produce metallic powders.

zirconium --- eudialyte --- hydrometallurgy --- basic sulfate precipitation --- macroporous polymer --- goethite --- factorial design --- desorption --- tailings reprocessing --- early stage cost estimation --- magnetic separation --- leaching --- flotation --- silica --- ultrasonic spray pyrolysis --- synthesis --- acid mine drainage --- red mud --- neutralization --- immobilization --- precipitation --- nitinol --- continuous vertical cast (CVC), NiTi rod --- atomic layer deposition --- corrosion properties --- potentiodynamic test --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- rare earth elements --- recycling --- NdFeB --- magnet --- non-ferrous metals --- cavitation erosion --- optical microscopy --- electron microscopy --- atomic force microscopy --- aluminium --- thin-layer electrolysis --- molten salts --- halides --- capillary cell --- electrorefining --- non-commercial copper anode --- waste solution --- high content --- Ni --- Pb --- Sn --- Sb --- passivation --- anode slime --- pentlandite --- oxidation --- reaction mechanism --- phase analysis --- silver --- copper --- nanoparticles --- antibacterial --- MnO2 --- cobalt oxide Co3O4 --- perovskite materials --- oxygen reduction in alkaline media --- electrocatalyst --- Pt catalyst --- nanocomposite --- mixed oxides --- NiAl2O4 --- ZnAl2O4 --- electrocatalysis --- nanocatalyst --- noble metal nanoparticles --- leachate --- metal ions extraction --- selectivity --- Fe removal --- electrodeposition --- conductometry --- n/a

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With the development of analytical instruments, the academic system has become more complicated, producing new journals one after another. Therefore, it became much important to clarify what is original of “Medicines”. As the name Medicines indicates, it includes science and practice of caring for a patient and managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment or palliation of their injury or disease. Therefore, Medicines differs from other journals with similar title in that it covers a wide range of fields, from traditional medicine to rapidly developing molecular-targeted drugs, focusing on their pharmacological effects, structure–activity relationships, metabolic pathways, gene expression, using cultured cells, animals, and clinical trials. Most parts of this Special Issue were written by our editorial board members, who described the research topics and how they are engaged in their field of research. All of these articles are their life-long story. We collected a total number of 22 original works by basic researchers and clinical doctors. We hope that readers can get a chance to know the current status of diverse fields of medicines, and what your most important research themes are after reading these articles.

Medicine --- Hedychium --- traditional medicine --- coronarin D --- villosin --- anti-acetylcholinesterase --- antidiabetic --- anti-inflammatory --- antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- antitumor --- Genista tridentata --- Pterospartum tridentatum --- isoflavones --- flavonols --- genistein --- biochanin A --- rutin --- daidzein --- inflammatory bowel disease --- Crohn’s disease --- ulcerative colitis --- extra-intestinal manifestations --- orofacial granulomatosis --- tag-like lesions --- cobblestoning --- mucogingivitis --- lip swelling --- aphthous stomatitis --- Angelicae Sinensis Radix --- Danggui --- granules --- herb --- multivariate analysis --- ultra-performance liquid chromatography --- Tai Chi --- qigong --- immune system --- immunity --- inflammation --- telemedicine --- remote monitoring --- GER-e-TEC --- elderly patient --- artificial intelligence --- geriatric syndromes --- detection of the precursory signs of decompensation of geriatric syndromes --- renal cell cancer --- genomic landscape --- targeted therapy --- tumor evolution --- tumor heterogeneity --- allergic rhinitis --- quercetin --- human CD4+ T cells --- Th1/Th2 cytokine balance --- modulation --- in vitro --- intravascular catheter --- CRBSI --- biofilm --- CVC --- antifouling --- chromone --- tumor specificity --- QSAR analysis --- apoptosis --- cell cycle analysis --- contrast-enhanced ultrasound --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- LI-RADS --- chronic liver disease --- granuloma annulare --- granulomatous disorders of the skin --- inflammatory skin conditions --- medical dermatology --- biliary tract cancer --- cholangiocarcinoma --- PARP --- BRCA --- olaparib --- rucaparib --- liver cancer --- pancreatic adenocarcinoma --- pancreatic cancer --- sarcoidosis --- superior vena cava syndrome --- venous thrombosis --- RUCAM --- Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method --- diagnostic algorithm --- iDILI --- iDrug induced liver injury --- DILI --- HILI --- herb induced liver injury --- Stachys L. --- traditional uses --- pharmacological activities --- phytochemicals --- bioactive compounds --- Kampo formulae --- alkaline extract of Sasa sp. --- pine cone extract --- povidone-iodine --- HSV --- HIV --- loss of infectivity --- solubilization method --- diaphragmatic breathing --- abdominal breathing --- breathing exercise --- systematic review --- randomized controlled trial --- respiratory function --- auricular acupuncture --- preoperative anxiety --- protocol --- randomized controlled trials --- meta-analysis --- boiogito --- knee osteoarthritis --- rat --- Yokukansan --- fentanyl --- transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel --- phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) --- whole-cell patch-clamp recording --- herbal medicine --- calcium metabolism --- bone metabolism --- protease --- osteoclast --- macrophage --- RANKL --- LPS --- TLR4 --- TREM2 --- Hedychium --- traditional medicine --- coronarin D --- villosin --- anti-acetylcholinesterase --- antidiabetic --- anti-inflammatory --- antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- antitumor --- Genista tridentata --- Pterospartum tridentatum --- isoflavones --- flavonols --- genistein --- biochanin A --- rutin --- daidzein --- inflammatory bowel disease --- Crohn’s disease --- ulcerative colitis --- extra-intestinal manifestations --- orofacial granulomatosis --- tag-like lesions --- cobblestoning --- mucogingivitis --- lip swelling --- aphthous stomatitis --- Angelicae Sinensis Radix --- Danggui --- granules --- herb --- multivariate analysis --- ultra-performance liquid chromatography --- Tai Chi --- qigong --- immune system --- immunity --- inflammation --- telemedicine --- remote monitoring --- GER-e-TEC --- elderly patient --- artificial intelligence --- geriatric syndromes --- detection of the precursory signs of decompensation of geriatric syndromes --- renal cell cancer --- genomic landscape --- targeted therapy --- tumor evolution --- tumor heterogeneity --- allergic rhinitis --- quercetin --- human CD4+ T cells --- Th1/Th2 cytokine balance --- modulation --- in vitro --- intravascular catheter --- CRBSI --- biofilm --- CVC --- antifouling --- chromone --- tumor specificity --- QSAR analysis --- apoptosis --- cell cycle analysis --- contrast-enhanced ultrasound --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- LI-RADS --- chronic liver disease --- granuloma annulare --- granulomatous disorders of the skin --- inflammatory skin conditions --- medical dermatology --- biliary tract cancer --- cholangiocarcinoma --- PARP --- BRCA --- olaparib --- rucaparib --- liver cancer --- pancreatic adenocarcinoma --- pancreatic cancer --- sarcoidosis --- superior vena cava syndrome --- venous thrombosis --- RUCAM --- Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method --- diagnostic algorithm --- iDILI --- iDrug induced liver injury --- DILI --- HILI --- herb induced liver injury --- Stachys L. --- traditional uses --- pharmacological activities --- phytochemicals --- bioactive compounds --- Kampo formulae --- alkaline extract of Sasa sp. --- pine cone extract --- povidone-iodine --- HSV --- HIV --- loss of infectivity --- solubilization method --- diaphragmatic breathing --- abdominal breathing --- breathing exercise --- systematic review --- randomized controlled trial --- respiratory function --- auricular acupuncture --- preoperative anxiety --- protocol --- randomized controlled trials --- meta-analysis --- boiogito --- knee osteoarthritis --- rat --- Yokukansan --- fentanyl --- transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel --- phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) --- whole-cell patch-clamp recording --- herbal medicine --- calcium metabolism --- bone metabolism --- protease --- osteoclast --- macrophage --- RANKL --- LPS --- TLR4 --- TREM2

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With the development of analytical instruments, the academic system has become more complicated, producing new journals one after another. Therefore, it became much important to clarify what is original of “Medicines”. As the name Medicines indicates, it includes science and practice of caring for a patient and managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment or palliation of their injury or disease. Therefore, Medicines differs from other journals with similar title in that it covers a wide range of fields, from traditional medicine to rapidly developing molecular-targeted drugs, focusing on their pharmacological effects, structure–activity relationships, metabolic pathways, gene expression, using cultured cells, animals, and clinical trials. Most parts of this Special Issue were written by our editorial board members, who described the research topics and how they are engaged in their field of research. All of these articles are their life-long story. We collected a total number of 22 original works by basic researchers and clinical doctors. We hope that readers can get a chance to know the current status of diverse fields of medicines, and what your most important research themes are after reading these articles.

Hedychium --- traditional medicine --- coronarin D --- villosin --- anti-acetylcholinesterase --- antidiabetic --- anti-inflammatory --- antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- antitumor --- Genista tridentata --- Pterospartum tridentatum --- isoflavones --- flavonols --- genistein --- biochanin A --- rutin --- daidzein --- inflammatory bowel disease --- Crohn’s disease --- ulcerative colitis --- extra-intestinal manifestations --- orofacial granulomatosis --- tag-like lesions --- cobblestoning --- mucogingivitis --- lip swelling --- aphthous stomatitis --- Angelicae Sinensis Radix --- Danggui --- granules --- herb --- multivariate analysis --- ultra-performance liquid chromatography --- Tai Chi --- qigong --- immune system --- immunity --- inflammation --- telemedicine --- remote monitoring --- GER-e-TEC --- elderly patient --- artificial intelligence --- geriatric syndromes --- detection of the precursory signs of decompensation of geriatric syndromes --- renal cell cancer --- genomic landscape --- targeted therapy --- tumor evolution --- tumor heterogeneity --- allergic rhinitis --- quercetin --- human CD4+ T cells --- Th1/Th2 cytokine balance --- modulation --- in vitro --- intravascular catheter --- CRBSI --- biofilm --- CVC --- antifouling --- chromone --- tumor specificity --- QSAR analysis --- apoptosis --- cell cycle analysis --- contrast-enhanced ultrasound --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- LI-RADS --- chronic liver disease --- granuloma annulare --- granulomatous disorders of the skin --- inflammatory skin conditions --- medical dermatology --- biliary tract cancer --- cholangiocarcinoma --- PARP --- BRCA --- olaparib --- rucaparib --- liver cancer --- pancreatic adenocarcinoma --- pancreatic cancer --- sarcoidosis --- superior vena cava syndrome --- venous thrombosis --- RUCAM --- Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method --- diagnostic algorithm --- iDILI --- iDrug induced liver injury --- DILI --- HILI --- herb induced liver injury --- Stachys L. --- traditional uses --- pharmacological activities --- phytochemicals --- bioactive compounds --- Kampo formulae --- alkaline extract of Sasa sp. --- pine cone extract --- povidone-iodine --- HSV --- HIV --- loss of infectivity --- solubilization method --- diaphragmatic breathing --- abdominal breathing --- breathing exercise --- systematic review --- randomized controlled trial --- respiratory function --- auricular acupuncture --- preoperative anxiety --- protocol --- randomized controlled trials --- meta-analysis --- boiogito --- knee osteoarthritis --- rat --- Yokukansan --- fentanyl --- transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel --- phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) --- whole-cell patch-clamp recording --- herbal medicine --- calcium metabolism --- bone metabolism --- protease --- osteoclast --- macrophage --- RANKL --- LPS --- TLR4 --- TREM2