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This book presents a reconstruction of the socio-economic, ethnic, cultural, and political history of the Carpathian-Danubian area in the eighth and ninth centuries at a period when nomadic peoples from the east including the Bulgars, Avars, and Khazars migrated here. The work is based on a comprehensive analysis of narrative and archaeological sources including sites, artefacts, and goods in the basin bordered by the Tisza river in the west, the Danube in the south, and the Dniestr river in the east, covering swathes of modern-day Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Serbia, and Hungary.

Archaeology. --- Avars. --- Bulgars. --- Carpathian Mountains. --- Danube. --- Early Middle Ages. --- Khazars. --- Material Culture. --- Nomads. --- HISTORY / Medieval. --- Balkan Peninsula --- Europe, Eastern --- Carpathian Mountains --- Carpates --- Carpathians --- Carpații --- Karpaty --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Balkan States --- Balkans --- Europe, Southeastern --- Southeastern Europe --- History --- Civilization

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The Carpathians are a distinct mountain chain in the core of Central and Eastern Europe holding valuable biological resources and a rich cultural heritage. The last twenty years have witnessed an increasing awareness of the Carpathians’ value for European society and strengthened research cooperation in the region, especially after the enlargement of the European Union in 2004 and 2007. This book presents a wide range of problems related to sustainable development in the Carpathian region that were discussed during the 1st Forum Carpaticum held in 2010 in Kraków, Poland. The four sections of the book deal with various issues related to the abiotic environment, forests and biodiversity, human activities, and research methods allowing a better understanding of the past, present and future of the Carpathians.

Carpathian Mountains. --- Geomorphology -- Carpathian Mountains. --- Mountain ecology -- Carpathian Mountains. --- Physical geography. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Ecology --- Mountain ecology --- Conservation of natural resources --- Sustainable development --- Carpathian Mountains --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Alpine ecology --- Alpine region ecology --- Alpine regions --- Mountains --- Conservation of resources --- Natural resources --- Natural resources conservation --- Resources conservation, Natural --- Environmental aspects --- Conservation --- Carpates --- Carpathians --- Carpații --- Karpaty --- Environment. --- Nature conservation. --- Sustainable development. --- Nature Conservation. --- Sustainable Development. --- Economic development --- Environmental protection --- Natural resources conservation areas --- Upland ecology --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas