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Chambers of commerce are omnipresent in domestic public policy and play a crucial role in business self-governance. However, they are rather neglected in both public and scientific debates and seem to be in decline. This volume fills this gap in research on organised business and state-market coordination in Europe. The contributions discuss chambers of commerce as interest groups and actors in political systems, and address the institutional changes that this kind of self-governance is undergoing. The development of chambers of commerce in recent decades shows a wide array of mechanisms for institutional adaptation, ranging from displacement and conversion to enduring stability. This volume gives an insight into the dynamics and factors affecting these changes, with case studies on Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Spain, and the United Kingdom, all conducted by recognised experts in this field. Detlef Sack is Professor for Comparative Policy and Governance at the Faculty for Sociology, University of Bielefeld, Germany. His main areas of research include comparative policy research, state-market governance, organised business, and theories of democracy.

Public policy. --- Public Policy. --- Boards of trade. --- Chambers of commerce --- Trade, Boards of --- Commercial associations --- Trade associations

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In 1904, China encouraged the business community to set up chambers of commerce in an effort to bridge the gulf between government officials and businessmen. They encouraged businesses to engage in industry and commerce, and to boost competitiveness with foreign capital investors. Over 45 years, spanning 1904 to 1949, Chinese chambers of commerce flourished and matured, and they played a key role in the structural and economic creation of modern China. This book documents the historical role of China's chambers of commerce. (Series: Economic History in China)

Trade associations --- Boards of trade --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Industrial Management --- History --- History. --- Chambers of commerce --- Trade, Boards of --- Business associations --- Industrial associations --- Trade and professional associations --- Commercial associations --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Professional associations --- E-books

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The report's main objective is to provide policy makers, regulators, and the private sector, primarily in emerging economies and developing countries, with a tool for enforcing international best practice and for developing strategies for successful reforms in the area of construction regulation. This paper is divided into the following eight chapters: 1) the importance of construction regulation reform. The first chapter defines three overarching goals of construction-regulation reform and addresses why and how these efforts can pay off; 2) reforms as good regulation not deregulation. This chapter points out that deregulating is not the answer; 3) the distribution and focus of construction regulation reform. Leveraging eight years of data from the doing business reports, this chapter provides an overview of reforms initiated within the doing business scenario and the key regional trends; 4) eight key policies affecting process efficiency, transparency, regulatory outcomes, and costs. This chapter provides a concise description of eight priority policy areas; 5) initiating reform and addressing typical challenges. Based on international experience, this chapter focuses on how to start reforms and covers issues including who should be involved in construction-regulation reform and how reform should be sequenced; 6) an overview of best practices. This chapter summarizes the best practices around four major issues, namely, building codes, procedures and transparency, payment of fees, and measures concerning stakeholder liability and accountability; 7) performance measures and evaluation of building regulatory systems. This chapter defines guiding principles for leading the reform effort and includes a meaningful set of indicators and a framework for monitoring outcomes; and 8) ten case studies. This chapters 10 in-depth case studies round out the discussion.

Best Practices --- Business Regulation --- Chambers of Commerce --- Cities --- Communications Technology --- Communities --- Conflict Resolution --- Construction Sector --- Consumer Protection --- E-Business --- Housing --- Industry --- Information Technology --- Investment Climate --- Legislation --- Outsourcing --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Development --- Public Health --- Public Safety --- Public Sector --- Public Sector Development --- Regulators --- Technology Industry --- Urban Areas --- Urban Development --- Urban Housing --- Urban Planning --- Urbanization --- Zoning

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In the private sector, outsourcing has become a recognized feature of the business scene. While there are various reasons for contracting out functions to external organizations, in general the justification relates to the potential cost-benefit from adopting this approach. This study set out to ascertain whether the same considerations applied to administrative procedures associated with starting a business. Did business registries outsource any or all of their functions? If so, did the same considerations apply as for the private sector? Were there lessons to be learned from their experience? Responses to these and other questions were received from 53 registries. This paper is not about global commerce, at least, not in the usual sense. It is about some of the more mundane administrative procedures that underpin the activities of the private sector, the basics that help it to function. Business registration is seen as a key factor in determining the investment climate of a country.

Administrative & Regulatory Law --- Bidding --- Business --- Business Environment --- Chambers of Commerce --- Cities --- Commercial Banks --- Common Law --- Communications Technology --- Communities --- Consultants --- Corporations --- E-Business --- E-Government --- Economic Development --- Financial Services --- Funding --- Globalization --- Governance --- Information Technology --- Innovation --- Intellectual Property Rights --- Internet --- Job Creation --- Law and Development --- Managers --- Outsourcing --- Partnerships --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Development --- Securities --- Software --- Telecommunications --- Trust --- Web Sites

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Public-private dialogue (PPD) is highly necessary in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS) to fill the gap resulting from the lack of legitimate institutions, to help create transparency and trust among stakeholders, and to identify the need for reforms and interventions that can improve the business environment and attract investment. Moreover, creating a platform for PPD can provide a useful starting point for private sector development in FCS for projects in key sectors, such as agribusiness and extractives, where PPD can help build links between large-scale investments and the local economy. To support PPD projects in FCS, the World Bank Group has conducted a survey of 27 task team leaders and other program staff members with experiences from 30 FCS countries. The survey was followed by in-depth interviews with 13 key staff members who have experience from selected countries. By conducting in-depth interviews, the Bank Group aimed to capture important experiences and lessons learned, including a description of challenges, useful tools and methods, and do s and don ts. The results of PPD are produced by the reforms it initiates and also the process it implements. In FCS, the peacebuilding and conflict-mitigating results are difficult to capture. However, the stakeholders that benefit from the results highly value them. This study will inform the design of guidelines intended for PPD project managers operating in FCS environments.

Accountability --- Advocacy --- Business Environment --- Capacity Building --- Censorship --- Chambers of Commerce --- Civil Society Organizations --- Conflict and Development --- Corruption --- Credibility --- Data Collection --- Ethnic Minorities --- Flexibility --- Free Press --- Human Resources --- Interviews --- Investment Climate --- Leadership --- Legal Framework --- Managers --- Political Parties --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Development --- Risk Management --- Savings --- Social Accountability --- Social Development --- Social Networks --- Technical Assistance --- Transparency