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The greatest success of Chinese enterprise reform has been the creation of market competition. Competition has forced the state to retreat from non-strategic sectors and increased private ownership in the industry. This development has created ownership diversification in the Chinese industry, which is in line with the leadership's 2-R ("Retreat and Retain") enterprise reform policy. The ownership diversification is a distinction of the reformed economy, called "a socialist economy with Chinese characteristics". The backbone of the economy is the large state firms in strategic sectors, largely

China -- Commercial policy. --- Manufacturing industries -- China. --- World Trade Organization -- China. --- Manufacturing industries --- World Trade Organization --- China --- Commercial policy.

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Les Nouvelles Routes de la Soie, lesquelles comprennent plusieurs volets ? terrestre, maritime, digital, environnemental, etc. ?, concernent une population de 4,4 milliards d'individus, un PNB de 21 trillions de dollars et plus de 60 pays sur divers continents. D?ici à 2049, elles permettront à la Chine de retrouver sa grandeur et de réaliser le rêve chinois tant prôné par le président Xi Jinping. Tout en accomplissant la réjuvénation nationale, en dynamisant les régions sous-développées de la Chine et en garantissant à l?ensemble du peuple chinois la prospérité économique, le succès de cette initiative serait implicitement synonyme d?une non-remise en question du parti communiste chinois au pouvoir.0Le projet prévoit le développement d?infrastructures diverses (routes, voies ferrées, barrages, gazoducs, oléoducs, ports, etc.) reliant la Chine aux autres régions du monde (Asie du Sud-Est, Asie du Sud, Eurasie, Moyen-Orient, Europe et Afrique, mais également l?Arctique, l?Océanie et l?Amérique latine). Mais au-delà de l?enjeu géoéconomique, il s?agit également de déterminer les normes et règles financières de demain, de maîtriser le Rimland tout en projetant sa puissance militaire.

Investments, Foreign --- Globalization --- Economic aspects --- China --- Foreign economic relations --- Commercial policy --- Economic policy --- Investments, Foreign - China --- Globalization - Economic aspects - China --- China - Foreign economic relations --- China - Commercial policy --- China - Economic policy - 2000 --- -Investments, Foreign - China --- -Investments, Foreign

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This is an account of the 'middleman' role Hong Kong has played in China's Open Door Policy. It explains the paradoxical situation by which Hong Kong's role as intermediary in China's commodity trade is becoming more prominent in spite of the fact that since the development of the Open Door Policy in 1979 China has established many direct diplomatic, commercial and transportation links with the outside world. The book makes an important contribution to understanding China's various phases of economic reform and its interactions with global economic markets. Moreover, its arrival is timely, given the forced isolation of China after the events in Tiananmen Square in June 1989 as well as the fact that few years remain before Hong Kong ceases to be a British colony to become part of China. Dr Sung predicts that China's demands on Hong Kong's capacity as intermediary will increase dramatically when this happens.

Intermediation (Finance) --- S10/0250 --- S10/0640 --- S10/0320 --- S27/0700 --- S27/0755 --- Financial intermediation --- Finance --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--General works and economic history: 1976 - 1989 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Foreign trade and economic relations: 1976 - 1989 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Money and banking: since 1949 --- Hong Kong--Economy and commerce --- Hong Kong--Economic relations with mainland China --- China --- Hong Kong (China) --- -Commercial policy. --- Commerce --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (China) --- Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu (China) --- 香港特別行政區 (China) --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu --- 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 --- HKSAR (China) --- Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü (China) --- Xianggang (China) --- 香港 (China) --- Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu (China) --- Hong Kong S.A.R. (China) --- Hong Kong --- Commercial policy. --- Commerce. --- Commercial policy --- China - Commercial policy. --- Hong Kong - Commerce. --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics

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Grounded on a series of first-hand interviews with Chinese government officials, this book examines China's accession to the World Trade Organization, providing an 'inside' look at Chinese WTO accession negotiations. Presenting a systematic political economy model in analyzing Beijing's decision-making mechanisms, the book argues that China's WTO policy making is a state-led, leadership driven, and top-down process. Feng explores how China's determined political elite partly bypassed and partly restructured a largely reluctant and resistant bureaucracy, under constant pressure from an incre

International economic relations --- World Trade Organization --- China --- S10/0700 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--International economic relations (incl. development aid and problems, WTO) --- China. --- China - Commercial policy. --- China - Economic policy - 2000-. --- International Commerce --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Commercial policy. --- Economic policy --- Biśva Bāṇijya Saṃsthā --- Dėlkhiĭn Khudaldaany Baĭguullaga --- DTÖ --- Dünya Ticaret Örgütü --- Munaẓẓamat al-Tijārah al-ʻĀlamīyah --- O.M.C. --- OMC --- ʻOngkān Kānkhā Lōk --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Organización Mundial de Comercio --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Organizația Mondială de Comerț --- Organizzazione mondiale del commercio --- Organizzazione mondiale per il commercio --- Qaṅgkār Bāṇijjakamm Bibhab Lok --- Sāzmān-i Tijārat-i Jahānī --- Shi jie mao yi zu zhi --- SOT --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svitova orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ torhivli --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Tổ chức thương mại thế giới --- Viśva Vyapāra Saṅgaṭhana --- Vsemirnai︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- VTO --- W.T.O. --- Welthandelsorganisation --- World Trade Organisation --- WTO --- منظمة التجارة العالمية --- 世界貿易組織 --- 世界贸易组织 --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) --- Regional studies --- Ethnic studies --- International relations --- Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) --- foreign --- economic --- policy --- making --- chinese --- polity --- chinas --- process --- global --- regime --- Politique commerciale --- Chine --- Taiwan --- Politique économique --- Intégration économique --- Politique et gouvernement --- 1949-.... --- 1988-2000

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International economic relations --- China --- Prices --- Banks and banking --- Foreign exchange --- Labor market --- Prix --- Banques --- Change --- Marché du travail --- Chine --- Foreign economic relations --- Economic conditions. --- Commercial policy. --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Conditions économiques --- Politique commerciale --- Economic conditions --- Commercial policy --- -Foreign exchange --- -Banks and banking --- -Labor market --- -chine --- commerce mondial --- cooperation economique --- croissance economique --- CN / China - Chine --- 334.10 --- 338.8 --- 331.30 --- 305.2 --- 331.33 --- 330.05 --- 330.951 --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- International finance --- Currency crises --- Commercial products --- Commodity prices --- Justum pretium --- Price theory --- Consumption (Economics) --- Cost --- Costs, Industrial --- Cost and standard of living --- Supply and demand --- Value --- Wages --- Willingness to pay --- china --- wereldhandel --- economische samenwerking --- economische groei --- Algemene economie : algemeenheden. --- Economische groei. --- Economische toestand. --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Foreign economic relations. --- Working papers --- -International economic relations --- Developing Countries --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- International monetary system --- International money --- -International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Periodicals --- 341.125 IMF --- 341.125 IMF International Monetary Fund. Internationaal Muntfonds--IMF --- International Monetary Fund. Internationaal Muntfonds--IMF --- International Monetary Fund --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Développement économique --- Economie internationale --- Histoire économique --- Politique économique internationale --- Revue --- chine --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur --- Economische toestand --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Algemene economie : algemeenheden --- Economische groei --- Marché du travail --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Conditions économiques --- Prices - China --- Banks and banking - China --- Foreign exchange - China --- Labor market - China --- China - Foreign economic relations --- China - Economic conditions --- China - Commercial policy