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Occultism --- History --- Esoteric sciences --- Western Esotericism --- the Alexandrian period --- Christian Kabbalah --- theosophy --- alchemy --- rosicrucianism --- Hermeticism --- universal interdependency --- spiritual transformation --- gnosis --- occultism --- androgyny --- Masonic symbolism

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The Hebrew word zimzum originally means "contraction," "withdrawal," "retreat," "limitation," and "concentration." In Kabbalah, zimzum is a term for God's self-limitation, done before creating the world to create the world. Jewish mystic Isaac Luria coined this term in Galilee in the sixteenth century, positing that the God who was "Ein-Sof," unlimited and omnipresent before creation, must concentrate himself in the zimzum and withdraw in order to make room for the creation of the world in God's own center. At the same time, God also limits his infinite omnipotence to allow the finite world to arise. Without the zimzum there is no creation, making zimzum one of the basic concepts of Judaism.The Lurianic doctrine of the zimzum has been considered an intellectual showpiece of the Kabbalah and of Jewish philosophy. The teaching of the zimzum has appeared in the Kabbalistic literature across Central and Eastern Europe, perhaps most famously in Hasidic literature up to the present day and in philosopher and historian Gershom Scholem's epoch-making research on Jewish mysticism. The Zimzum has fascinated Jewish and Christian theologians, philosophers, and writers like no other Kabbalistic teaching. This can be seen across the philosophy and cultural history of the twentieth century as it gained prominence among such diverse authors and artists as Franz Rosenzweig, Hans Jonas, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Harold Bloom, Barnett Newman, and Anselm Kiefer.This book follows the traces of the zimzum across the Jewish and Christian intellectual history of Europe and North America over more than four centuries, where Judaism and Christianity, theosophy and philosophy, divine and human, mysticism and literature, Kabbalah and the arts encounter, mix, and cross-fertilize the interpretations and appropriations of this doctrine of God's self-entanglement and limitation.

Cabala --- History. --- Christian Hebraists. --- Christian Kabbalah. --- Corey L. Twitchell. --- Creation. --- Hasidim. --- Hassidism. --- Isaac Luria. --- Jewish Mysticism. --- Kabbalah. --- Mysticism. --- Safed. --- Zimzum. --- cultural history. --- early modern. --- god omnipresence omnipotent. --- intellectual history of zimzum. --- liminal space. --- metaphysics. --- mysticism. --- self-limitation. --- sixteenth century. --- theology. --- translation.

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Esoteric sciences --- Religious studies --- Colloques --- Colloquia --- Godsdiensten --- Parapsychologie --- Religions --- Occultism --- Occultisme --- Esotérisme --- Congresses. --- Religious aspects --- Congrès --- Aspect religieux --- 291 <063> --- 141.331 --- -Art, Black (Magic) --- Arts, Black (Magic) --- Black art (Magic) --- Black arts (Magic) --- Occult, The --- Occult sciences --- Supernatural --- New Age movement --- Parapsychology --- Godsdienstwetenschap: vergelijkend--Congressen --- Esoterische scholen:--vroege --- -Godsdienstwetenschap: vergelijkend--Congressen --- 141.331 Esoterische scholen:--vroege --- Esotérisme --- Congrès --- Art, Black (Magic) --- Congresses --- Occultism - Religious aspects --- Western Esotericism --- the science of religion --- the 17th Congress of the International Association for the History of Religions, Mexico City 1995 --- esoteric currents in Europe --- esoteric traditions --- the esoteric method --- religious symbolism --- medieval islamic alchemy --- medieval christian alchemy --- Christian Kabbalah --- Christian theosophic literature --- Masonic degrees --- Emanuel Swedenborg --- Illuminism --- French romantic philosophies --- Blavatsky --- Steiner --- Guénon --- Freemasonry

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The unlikely story of how Americans canonized Adam Smith as the patron saint of free marketsOriginally published in 1776, Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations was lauded by America's founders as a landmark work of Enlightenment thinking about national wealth, statecraft, and moral virtue. Today, Smith is one of the most influential icons of economic thought in America. Glory Liu traces how generations of Americans have read, reinterpreted, and weaponized Smith's ideas, revealing how his popular image as a champion of American-style capitalism and free markets is a historical invention. Drawing on a trove of illuminating archival materials, Liu tells the story of how an unassuming Scottish philosopher captured the American imagination and played a leading role in shaping American economic and political ideas. She shows how Smith became known as the father of political economy in the nineteenth century and was firmly associated with free trade, and how, in the aftermath of the Great Depression, the Chicago School of Economics transformed him into the preeminent theorist of self-interest and the miracle of free markets. Liu explores how a new generation of political theorists and public intellectuals has sought to recover Smith's original intentions and restore his reputation as a moral philosopher. Charting the enduring fascination that this humble philosopher from Scotland has held for American readers over more than two centuries, Adam Smith's America shows how Smith continues to be a vehicle for articulating perennial moral and political anxieties about modern capitalism.

Philosophy. --- Economics --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- History. --- Smith, Adam, --- United States --- Economic policy --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Smith, Adam --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- A Monetary History of the United States. --- Ambivalence. --- American Capitalism. --- American Enlightenment. --- American System (economic plan). --- American Thinker. --- Anna Schwartz. --- Bruno Hildebrand. --- Buoy. --- Buton. --- Capitalism. --- Chicago school of economics. --- Christian Kabbalah. --- Constantine IV. --- Corippus. --- E. P. Thompson. --- Early modern period. --- Ecclesiastical Latin. --- Economics. --- Economist. --- Economy. --- Essay. --- Ethics. --- Family resemblance. --- Forgotten man. --- Francis Fukuyama. --- Frank Hahn. --- Fraud. --- Free trade. --- Friedrich List. --- Fritz Saxl. --- Gilded Age. --- Greek fire. --- Historical figure. --- Hypothesis. --- Ideology. --- International trade. --- Interpersonal relationship. --- Invisible hand. --- Isaac Casaubon. --- Jacob Viner. --- James Tassie. --- Jewish history. --- Jewish studies. --- John Bates Clark. --- John Maynard Keynes. --- Kanji. --- Labor theory of value. --- Laissez-faire. --- Lateran. --- Learning. --- Lecture. --- Liberty Fund. --- Lifestyle (sociology). --- Lighting. --- Lionel Robbins. --- Marquis de Condorcet. --- Mercantilism. --- Michael Burawoy. --- Michael Freeden. --- Michael Polanyi. --- Milton Friedman. --- Moral economy. --- Muslim world. --- Neoliberalism. --- Occupy movement. --- Opportunity cost. --- Persuasion. --- Physiocracy. --- Policy advocacy. --- Political economy. --- Politics. --- Progress and Poverty. --- Propaganda. --- Protectionism. --- Raymond Geuss. --- Re-Define. --- Retirement. --- Richard T. Ely. --- Robert Nozick. --- Roman Law. --- Ronald L. Meek. --- Scottish Enlightenment. --- Self-interest. --- Sexual desire. --- Social phenomenon. --- Suggestion. --- Tariff of 1824. --- Tariff. --- The Philosopher. --- The Price of Admission. --- The Road to Serfdom. --- The Theory of Moral Sentiments. --- The Wealth of Nations. --- Thomas Robert Malthus. --- Treatise. --- Utilitarianism. --- Wealth. --- Whiggism. --- Willibald.