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Le vingtième siècle aura été le siècle de la démesure. La démesure de la politique avec des guerres mondiales, des déportations et des camps d'extermination, qui a culminé avec deux bombes atomiques larguées sur des populations civiles. La démesure de l'homme, ensuite, puisque ces crimes ont été commis au nom d'idéologies abstraites qui, pour sauver l'humanité, ont sacrifié sans remords les hommes réels. La démesure du monde, enfin, avec une science prométhéenne qui a tenté de percer les secrets de l'univers, une technique déchaînée qui a cherché à asservir la nature et une économie mondialisée dont les échanges ont imposé le prix des choses au détriment de la dignité des hommes. Nietzsche avait clairement établi le diagnostic : "La mesure nous est étrangère, reconnaissons-le; notre démangeaison, c'est justement la démangeaison de l'infini, de l'immense. " Le sens de la démesure semble être une fatalité, aussi n'est-il pas étonnant que, déjà chez les Grecs, dans le mythe, la tragédie, la physique, l'éthique ou la politique, il se situe au coeur de la réflexion. Au travers de la tentation de la raison d'abolir toute limite, de remettre en cause la finitude humaine, la démesure témoigne du tragique de notre condition. Les Grecs, et c'est l'enseignement de ce livre, se sont attachés à la comprendre pour la convertir en cette mesure qui permet de redonner un sens à notre existence.

Excess (Philosophy) --- Civilization, Modern --- Mythology, Greek --- Philosophy --- Philosophical Essay --- Civilization, Modern - 20th century - Philosophy --- Mythology, Greek - Philosophy

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Inspiriert von Günther Anders' Diktum, die Atombombe verwandele die Welt in ein ausfluchtloses Konzentrationslager, entwickelt Christian Dries im Rekurs auf Anders, Hannah Arendt und Hans Jonas eine kritisch-philosophische Theorie der Moderne und bringt diese Modernisierungsphilosophie mit der soziologischen Modernisierungstheorie ins Gespräch. Im Zentrum seiner Studie steht das sogenannte "Pandynatos-Prinzip" der Moderne. Es bezeichnet die idée fixe des Homo faber, dass schlechterdings alles möglich sei und dass, was möglich ist, schließlich auch gemacht werde - und sei es um den Preis totaler Konformierung und Vernichtung von Mensch und Welt.

Civilization, Modern --- Civilisation --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie --- Anders, Günther, --- Arendt, Hannah, --- Jonas, Hans, --- Philosophy --- Civilization, Modern - 20th century - Philosophy --- Anders, Günther, - 1902-1992 --- Arendt, Hannah, - 1906-1975 --- Jonas, Hans, - 1903-1993

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The misunderstanding of eros out of a theory of physiological drive-reduction has led to an egocentric view of human nature, which in turn motivates a simplistic hedonism in value thinking and an atomistic-individualist conception of society. The ultra-competitive nature of this kind of culture leads to overconcern with masks of invulnerability -- i.e., narcissism -- which prevents the dropping of superficial defenses necessary for deep and authentic love relationships to mature. But the intense, direct experience of the intrinsic value of another being embodied in authentic love experiences is needed to combat the existential threats to the meaningfulness of life (alienation, powerlessness, relative insignificance in the ultimate scheme, and death). This experience is motivated by the need to be pulled out of oneself into a non-egocentric way of experiencing which cares as much about expressing value feelings, in order to deepen and intensify them, as it does about reducing egocentric drives. The misunderstanding, neglect, and dysfunction of this basic human need thus reflects a serious problem in the psychology of the self and the structure of the community, whose study requires a phenomenological rather than a merely empirical-scientific approach, since the latter approach alone leads almost inevitably to the very reductionism at issue. [publisher's description]

Affection --- Amour --- Fenomenologie --- Gender (Sex) --- Liefde --- Love --- Narcisme --- Narcissism --- Narcissisme --- Phenomenology --- Phénoménologie --- Seksualiteit --- Sex --- Sex (Gender) --- Sexualiteit --- Sexualité --- Love. --- Narcissism. --- Civilization, Modern --- Philosophy. --- Civilization [Modern ] --- 20th century --- Ego erotism --- Erotism, Ego --- Narcism --- Egoism --- Psychology, Pathological --- Emotions --- First loves --- Friendship --- Intimacy (Psychology) --- Philosophy --- Sex - Philosophy. --- Civilization, Modern - 20th century - Philosophy.

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"Despite their historical importance, empires have received scant attention from social scientists. Now, Alexander J. Motyl examines the structure, dynamics, and continuing relevance of empire - and ask, "Why do empires decline? Why do some empires collapse? And why do some collapsed empires revive?"" "Rejecting choice-centered theories of imperial decline, Motyl maintains that the very structure of empires promotes decay and that decay in turn facilitates the progressive loss of territory. Although most major empires have in fact declined in this manner, some, such as the Soviet Union, have collapsed suddenly and comprehensively. Motyl explains how and why collapse occurs, why such an outcome is hard to foresee, and why some collapsed empires revive. While broad-ranging historically and empirically, Imperial Ends focuses on five modern empires: the Soviet, Romanov, Ottoman, Habsburg, and Wilhelmine."--Jacket.

#SBIB:94H0 --- Geschiedenis van Europa: algemeen --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Civilization, Western --- Civilization, Modern --- Revolutions. --- Nationalism --- Philosophy. --- History --- Europe --- Soviet Union --- Turkey --- Civilisation occidentale --- Civilisation --- Révolutions --- Nationalisme --- Philosophie --- Histoire --- URSS --- Turquie --- Revolutions --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- Political science --- Political violence --- War --- Government, Resistance to --- Philosophy --- Civilization, Western - Philosophy. --- Civilization, Modern - 20th century - Philosophy. --- Nationalism - History - 20th century. --- Europe - History - 1871-1918. --- Soviet Union - History - 1985-1991. --- Turkey - History - Revolution, 1918-1923.