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Identifying Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: A Guideline for Forensic Experts discusses and illustrates the characteristics of different ignitable liquid products. This guideline builds on the minimum criteria of the ignitable liquid classes defined in the internationally accepted standard ASTM E1618 Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The volume provides information on the origin of the characteristics of these ignitable liquid products and provides a summary of characteristics to demonstrate a positive identification of the particular product class. Topics such as the term ignitable liquid, relevant guidelines for fire debris analysis, production processes of ignitable liquids, fire debris analysis methods, and interferences in fire debris analysis, are briefly discussed as these topics are essential for the understanding of the identification and classification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris.--publisher.
Flammable liquids. --- Flammable liquids --- Fire investigation. --- Forensic sciences. --- Chemistry, Forensic. --- Criminalistics --- Forensic science --- Science --- Criminal investigation --- Fires --- Investigations --- Combustible liquids --- Inflammable liquids --- Liquids --- Flammable materials --- Investigation
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The organization of an Advanced Research Workshop with the title “Detection and Disposal of Liquid Explosives and Flammable Agents in Connection with Terrorism” was motivated by international findings about activities in this field of application. This ARW followed a meeting about the “Detection of Disposal Improvised Explosives” (St. Petersburg, 2005). Both items show the logistic problems as one of the lessons, terrorists have to overcome. These problems are connected with the illegal supply and transport of explosives and fuels and as counter-measure the detection of these materials. The invention of liquid explosives goes back to the middle of the 19th century and was used for special purposes in the commercial field of application. Because of the high sensitivity of liquid explosives against mechanical shock, caused by adiabatic compression of air-bobbles producing “hot spots” as origin of initiation the commercial application was not very successful. Because of this high risk, liquid explosives are not used in military or commercial application with some exceptions. In the commercial field explosives as slurries or emulsions consisting of suitable salts (Ammoniumnitrate etc.) and water are used to a large extend because of their high insensitivity. In many cases these slurries or emulsions were unfit for terrorist actions, because of their low sensitivity, large critical diameter and using in confinement. In the military field liquid explosives are used in World War I and II as bomb-fillings.
Explosives --- Flammable liquids --- Terrorism --- Detectors --- Detection --- Prevention --- Technological innovations --- Sensors --- Engineering instruments --- Physical instruments --- Combustible liquids --- Inflammable liquids --- Liquids --- Flammable materials --- Explosive chemicals --- Chemistry, Technical --- Blasting --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Analytic biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Physical chemistry. --- Analytical chemistry. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement . --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Metallurgical analysis --- Mineralogy, Determinative --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Analytic chemistry
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