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The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioral strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The title of the Research Topic, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. This issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction. The papers of this Research Topic are focused onto the following four Grand Questions of comparative neurobiology: 1) How are different brains built during ontogeny?; 2) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared?; 3) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success?; 4) How have brains evolved during phylogeny?

Comparative neurobiology. --- Neurophysiology. --- Brain --- Brain mapping. --- Anatomy. --- Growth. --- Evolution. --- Connectome mapping --- Mapping of the brain --- Topographic brain mapping --- Nervous system --- Neurobiology --- Physiology --- Comparative neurology --- Localization of functions --- comparative neurobiology --- brain evolution --- phylogeny --- ontogeny

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Comparative neurobiology --- Developmental psychobiology --- Fetal behavior --- Psychology, Comparative --- Behavior, Comparative --- Comparative behavior --- Comparative psychology --- Ethology, Comparative --- Intelligence of animals --- Zoology --- Animal behavior --- Animal intelligence --- Animal psychology --- Human behavior --- Instinct --- Fetus --- Prenatal behavior --- Developmental biology --- Psychobiology --- Comparative neurology --- Neurobiology --- Behavior --- Psychology --- Fetal development --- Intrauterine development --- Development

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Animal physiology. Animal biophysics --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Comparative neurobiology --- Homeostasis --- Metabolism --- Neurophysiology --- Physiology, Comparative --- Adaptation (Physiologie) --- Neurobiologie comparée --- Homéostasie --- Métabolisme --- Neurophysiologie --- Physiologie comparée --- Metabolism. --- Physiology, Comparative. --- physiology --- Neurophysiology. --- 591.1 --- Comparative neurology --- Neurobiology --- Comparative Physiology --- Animal physiology --- Comparative physiology --- Medicine, Comparative --- Zoology --- Biological control systems --- Body fluids --- Physiology --- Compensation (Physiology) --- Plasticity (Physiology) --- Ecophysiology --- Anabolism --- Catabolism --- Metabolism, Primary --- Primary metabolism --- Biochemistry --- physiology. --- Adaption --- Comparative --- Homeostasis. --- Adaption. --- Comparative. --- 591.1 Animal physiology --- Neurobiologie comparée --- Homéostasie --- Métabolisme --- Physiologie comparée --- Homeostasis - physiology --- Metabolism - physiology

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Leaders in cognitive psychology, comparative biology, and neuroscience discuss patterns of convergence and divergence seen in studies of human and nonhuman primate brains.The extraordinary overlap between human and chimpanzee genomes does not result in an equal overlap between human and chimpanzee thoughts, sensations, perceptions, and emotions; there are considerable similarities but also considerable differences between human and nonhuman primate brains. From Monkey Brain to Human Brain uses the latest findings in cognitive psychology, comparative biology, and neuroscience to look at the complex patterns of convergence and divergence in primate cortical organization and function.Several chapters examine the use of modern technologies to study primate brains, analyzing the potentials and the limitations of neuroimaging as well as genetic and computational approaches. These methods, which can be applied identically across different species of primates, help to highlight the paradox of nonlinear primate evolution--the fact that major changes in brain size and functional complexity resulted from small changes in the genome. Other chapters identify plausible analogs or homologs in nonhuman primates for such human cognitive functions as arithmetic, reading, theory of mind, and altruism; examine the role of parietofrontal circuits in the production and comprehension of actions; analyze the contributions of the prefrontal and cingulate cortices to cognitive control; and explore to what extent visual recognition and visual attention are related in humans and other primates.The Fyssen Foundation is dedicated to encouraging scientific inquiry into the cognitive mechanisms that underlie animal and human behavior and has long sponsored symposia on topics of central importance to the cognitive sciences.

Brain --- Comparative neurobiology --- Primates --- Cerveau --- Neurobiologie comparée --- Evolution --- Congresses --- Congresses. --- Physiology --- Congrès --- Physiologie --- Brain -- Evolution -- Congresses. --- Comparative neurobiology -- Congresses. --- Primates -- Physiology -- Congresses. --- Biological Processes --- Mammals --- Genetic Processes --- Central Nervous System --- Genetic Phenomena --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Vertebrates --- Nervous System --- Biological Phenomena --- Anatomy --- Phenomena and Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Chordata --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Animals --- Eukaryota --- Organisms --- Physiology, Comparative --- Biological Evolution --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neuroscience --- 159.91 --- Psychofysiologie. Neuropsychologie. Psychomotoriek. Psychomotorische therapie --- Conferences - Meetings --- 159.91 Psychofysiologie. Neuropsychologie. Psychomotoriek. Psychomotorische therapie --- Neurobiologie comparée --- Congrès --- Quadrumana --- Comparative neurology --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Neurobiology --- Central nervous system --- Head --- NEUROSCIENCE/General

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This compelling volume provides a broad and accessible overview on the rapidly developing field of social neuroscience. A major goal of the volume is to integrate research findings on the neural basis of social behavior across different levels of analysis from rodent studies on molecular neurobiology to behavioral neuroscience to fMRI imaging data on human social behavior.

Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Psychopharmacology. --- Behavioral sciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Behavioral Sciences. --- Social behavior in animals. --- Interpersonal relations. --- Comparative neurobiology. --- Comparative neurology --- Human relations --- Interpersonal relationships --- Personal relations --- Relations, Interpersonal --- Relationships, Interpersonal --- Social behavior --- Neurobiology --- Social psychology --- Object relations (Psychoanalysis) --- Animal behavior --- Animal societies --- Animal behavior. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Behavioral pharmacology --- Drugs --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacology --- Psychotropic drugs --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Psychotropic effects --- Behavior --- Social sciences --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization