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L’estimation de l’incertitude de mesure n’est pas si simple. Dans différents secteurs d’activités, il est difficile d’associer aux résultats de mesure une incertitude car il faut en général prendre le temps d’identifier et caractériser toutes les sources d’incertitudes. Après un premier tome qui permet au lecteur de comprendre au travers d’exemples pratiques en étalonnages l’approche du GUM (Guide to the expression of Uncertainty of Measurement), ce second tome traite concrètement de différents domaines de mesures dites « difficiles ». Ainsi sont développées la mesure de radionucléides en biologie médicale, les vérifications d’antennes CEM (Compatibilité ÉlectroMagnétique) et celles d’un capteur hydrophonique, et l’analyse d’un échantillon en microbiologie alimentaire. Les auteurs montrent au travers des différents chapitres comment estimer une incertitude de mesure, même dans des domaines compliqués. Chaque chapitre peut servir d’exemple pour n’importe quel autre domaine.
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Concrete --- Nondestructive testing --- Testing --- Concrete - Testing
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The response of concrete under tensile loading is crucial for most applications because concrete is much weaker in tension than in compression. Understanding the response mechanisms of concrete under tensile conditions is therefore key to understanding and using concrete in structural applications. Understanding the tensile properties of concrete summarises key recent research in this important subject.After an introduction to concrete, the book is divided into two parts: part one on static response and part two on dynamic response. Part one starts with a summary chapter on the most im
Concrete -- Analysis. --- Concrete -- Testing. --- Nondestructive testing. --- Concrete --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Civil Engineering --- Materials Science --- Testing --- Analysis --- Analysis. --- Testing. --- Civil engineering.
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"Comprehensive and readable, this book provides the tools and techniques to properly analyze the effects of high temperature on reinforced concrete, leading to safer, more stable structures. Based on years of the author's research, Reinforced Concrete at Elevated Temperatures' four part treatment starts with an unambiguous and thorough exposition of the mechanical behaviours of materials at elevated temperature, followed by a discussion of temperature field of member sections, mechanical behaviours of members and structures at elevated temperature, and theoretical analysis and practical calculation methods. The book provides unique insight into: - Coupling thermal-mechanical constitutive relation of concrete - Exceptional analyses of beams and columns of rectangular section with three surfaces and two adjacent surfaces exposing to high temperature - Measurement and analysis of redistribution of internal forces of statically indeterminate structure during heating-loading process - Finite element analysis and calculation charts for two-dimensional temperature field of structural members With this book, engineers and architects can effectively analyze the result of high temperature on concrete and materials which will lead to better designs of fire resistant structures, as well as damage evaluation and treatment after fire"--
Reinforced concrete - Effect of high temperatures on. --- Reinforced concrete -- Effect of high temperatures on. --- Reinforced concrete - Testing. --- Reinforced concrete -- Testing. --- Reinforced concrete - Thermal properties. --- Reinforced concrete -- Thermal properties. --- Reinforced concrete --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Effect of high temperatures on --- Testing --- Thermal properties --- Effect of high temperatures on. --- Testing. --- Thermal properties. --- Engineering --- Civil Engineering --- Ferrocement --- Structural concrete --- Building materials --- Concrete
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The aim of this book is to present the latest findings in the properties and application of Supplementary Cementing Materials and blended cements currently used in the world in concrete. Sustainability is an important issue all over the world. Carbon dioxide emission has been a serious problem in the world due to the greenhouse effect. Today many countries agreed to reduce the emission of CO2. Many phases of cement and concrete technology can affect sustainability. Cement and concrete industry is responsible for the production of 7% carbon dioxide of the total world CO2 emission. The use of supplementary cementing materials (SCM), design of concrete mixtures with optimum content of cement and enhancement of concrete durability are the main issues towards sustainability in concrete industry.
Concrete. --- Waste products. --- Building materials. --- Concrete -- Additives. --- Concrete -- Testing. --- By-products --- Products, Waste --- Utilization of waste --- Waste materials --- Earth sciences. --- Mineralogy. --- Earth Sciences. --- Building Materials. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods. --- Industrial wastes --- Trades-waste --- Manufacturing processes --- Factory and trade waste --- Recycling (Waste, etc.) --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Scrap materials --- Substitute products --- Waste spills --- Beton --- Building materials --- Building construction. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials. --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Minerals --- Ceramics. --- Glass. --- Composites (Materials). --- Composite materials. --- Composites (Materials) --- Multiphase materials --- Reinforced solids --- Solids, Reinforced --- Two phase materials --- Materials --- Amorphous substances --- Ceramics --- Glazing --- Ceramic technology --- Industrial ceramics --- Keramics --- Chemistry, Technical --- Clay --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials
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Concrete is still the most widely used construction material since it has the lowest ratio between cost and strength as compared to other available materials. However, it has two undesirable properties, namely: low tensile strength and large brittleness that cause the collapse to occur shortly after the formation of the first crack. To improve these two negative properties and to achieve a partial substitute of conventional reinforcement, an addition of short discontinuous randomly oriented steel fibres can be practiced among others. In spite of positive properties, fibrous concrete did not find such acknowledgment and application as usual concrete. There do not still exist consistent dimensioning rules due to the lack sufficient large-scale static and dynamic experiments taking into account the effect of the fibre orientation. The intention of the book is twofold: first to summarize the most important mechanical and physical properties of steel-fibre-added concrete and reinforced concrete on the basis of numerous experiments described in the scientific literature, and second to describe a quasi-static fracture process at meso-scale both in plain concrete and fibrous concrete using a novel discrete lattice model. In 2D and 3D simulations of fibrous concrete specimens under uniaxial tension, the effect of the fibre volume, fibre distribution, fibre orientation, fibre length, fibrous bond strength and specimen size on both the stress-strain curve and fracture process was carefully analyzed.
Mechanics, Applied. --- Reinforced concrete -- Mathematical models. --- Reinforced concrete -- Testing. --- Fibrous composites --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Civil Engineering --- Materials Science --- Hydraulic Engineering --- Fiber-reinforced concrete. --- Steel, Structural. --- Structural steel --- Fibrous concrete --- FRC (Fiber-reinforced concrete) --- Reinforced concrete, Fiber --- Engineering. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Mechanics. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- Geology. --- Building materials --- Civil engineering --- Girders --- Building, Iron and steel --- Iron and steel bridges --- Iron, Structural --- Structural steel industry --- Reinforced concrete --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Mechanics, applied. --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Engineering—Geology. --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Geology, Economic --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Details --- Geology --- Flow --- Distribution
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Strain-Hardening Fibre-Reinforced Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) were named after their ability to resist increased tensile force after crack formation, over a significant tensile deformation range. The increased resistance is achieved through effective crack bridging by fibres, across multiple cracks of widths in the micro-range. Whether these small crack widths are maintained under sustained, cyclic or other load paths, and whether the crack width limitation translates into durability through retardation of ingress of moisture, gas and other deleterious matter, are scrutinized in this book by evaluation of test results from several laboratories internationally. The durability of SHCC under mechanical, chemical, thermal and combined actions is considered, both for the composite and the fibre types typically used in SHCC. The compilation of this state-of-the-art report has been an activity of the RILEM TC 208-HFC, Subcommittee 2: Durability, during the committee life 2005-2009.
Cement composites -- Fracture. --- Cement composites -- Service life. --- Concrete -- Testing. --- Fiber-reinforced concrete -- Fracture. --- Fiber-reinforced concrete -- Service life. --- Strain hardening -- Testing. --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Fiber-reinforced concrete --- Cement composites --- Concrete --- Strain hardening --- Service life. --- Fracture. --- Testing. --- Hardening, Strain --- Work hardening --- Cementitious composites --- Fibrous concrete --- FRC (Fiber-reinforced concrete) --- Reinforced concrete, Fiber --- Engineering. --- Building materials. --- Building repair. --- Buildings --- Structural materials. --- Building Materials. --- Building Repair and Maintenance. --- Structural Materials. --- Repair and reconstruction. --- Metals --- Plasticity --- Stored energy of cold work --- Strains and stresses --- Strengthening mechanisms in solids --- Cement --- Composite materials --- Fibrous composites --- Reinforced concrete --- Cold working --- Hardenability --- Plastic properties --- Building construction. --- Materials. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Materials --- Buildings—Repair and reconstruction. --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Building reconstruction --- Building renovation --- Building repair --- Reconstruction of buildings --- Remodeling of buildings --- Renovation of buildings --- Maintenance --- Repairing --- Reconstruction --- Remodeling --- Renovation --- Protection --- Conservation and restoration
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