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This book introduces the theory of complex surfaces through a comprehensive look at finite covers of the projective plane branched along line arrangements. Paula Tretkoff emphasizes those finite covers that are free "ients of the complex two-dimensional ball. Tretkoff also includes background on the classical Gauss hypergeometric function of one variable, and a chapter on the Appell two-variable F1 hypergeometric function.The material in this book began as a set of lecture notes, taken by Tretkoff, of a course given by Friedrich Hirzebruch at ETH Zürich in 1996. The lecture notes were then considerably expanded by Hirzebruch and Tretkoff over a number of years. In this book, Tretkoff has expanded those notes even further, still stressing examples offered by finite covers of line arrangements. The book is largely self-contained and foundational material is introduced and explained as needed, but not treated in full detail. References to omitted material are provided for interested readers.Aimed at graduate students and researchers, this is an accessible account of a highly informative area of complex geometry.

Curves, Elliptic. --- Geometry, Algebraic. --- Projective planes. --- Unit ball. --- Riemann surfaces. --- Surfaces, Riemann --- Functions --- Ball, Unit --- Holomorphic functions --- Planes, Projective --- Geometry, Projective --- Algebraic geometry --- Geometry --- Elliptic curves --- Curves, Algebraic --- Appell hypergeometric function. --- Chern numbers. --- Euler number. --- Friedrich Hirzebruch. --- Gauss hypergeometric function. --- Gaussian curvature. --- Hermitian metric. --- Kodaira dimension. --- Mbius transformation. --- Miyaoka-Yau inequality. --- Riemann surface. --- Riemannian metric. --- algebraic geometry. --- algebraic surface. --- arithmetic monodromy group. --- b-space. --- ball "ient. --- canonical divisor class. --- complete quadrilateral. --- complex 2-ball. --- complex manifold. --- complex surface. --- covering group. --- covering space. --- differential geometry. --- divisor class group. --- divisor. --- elliptic curve. --- finite covering. --- first Chern class. --- fractional linear transformation. --- free 2-ball "ient. --- fundamental group. --- geometry. --- intersection point. --- line arrangement. --- line bundle. --- linear arrangement. --- log-canonical divisor. --- minimal surface. --- monodromy group. --- orbifold structure. --- orbifold. --- partial differential equation. --- plurigenus. --- projective plane. --- proportionality deviation. --- ramification indices. --- rational curve. --- regular point. --- signature. --- solution space. --- topological invariant. --- transversely intersecting divisor. --- triangle groups. --- weight.

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A survey, thorough and timely, of the singularities of two-dimensional normal complex analytic varieties, the volume summarizes the results obtained since Hirzebruch's thesis (1953) and presents new contributions. First, the singularity is resolved and shown to be classified by its resolution; then, resolutions are classed by the use of spaces with nilpotents; finally, the spaces with nilpotents are determined by means of the local ring structure of the singularity.

Algebraic geometry --- Analytic spaces --- SINGULARITIES (Mathematics) --- 512.76 --- Singularities (Mathematics) --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Spaces, Analytic --- Analytic functions --- Functions of several complex variables --- Birational geometry. Mappings etc. --- Analytic spaces. --- Singularities (Mathematics). --- 512.76 Birational geometry. Mappings etc. --- Birational geometry. Mappings etc --- Analytic function. --- Analytic set. --- Analytic space. --- Automorphism. --- Bernhard Riemann. --- Big O notation. --- Calculation. --- Chern class. --- Codimension. --- Coefficient. --- Cohomology. --- Compact Riemann surface. --- Complex manifold. --- Computation. --- Connected component (graph theory). --- Continuous function. --- Contradiction. --- Coordinate system. --- Corollary. --- Covering space. --- Dimension. --- Disjoint union. --- Divisor. --- Dual graph. --- Elliptic curve. --- Elliptic function. --- Embedding. --- Existential quantification. --- Factorization. --- Fiber bundle. --- Finite set. --- Formal power series. --- Hausdorff space. --- Holomorphic function. --- Homeomorphism. --- Homology (mathematics). --- Intersection (set theory). --- Intersection number (graph theory). --- Inverse limit. --- Irreducible component. --- Isolated singularity. --- Iteration. --- Lattice (group). --- Line bundle. --- Linear combination. --- Line–line intersection. --- Local coordinates. --- Local ring. --- Mathematical induction. --- Maximal ideal. --- Meromorphic function. --- Monic polynomial. --- Nilpotent. --- Normal bundle. --- Open set. --- Parameter. --- Plane curve. --- Pole (complex analysis). --- Power series. --- Presheaf (category theory). --- Projective line. --- Quadratic transformation. --- Quantity. --- Riemann surface. --- Riemann–Roch theorem. --- Several complex variables. --- Submanifold. --- Subset. --- Tangent bundle. --- Tangent space. --- Tensor algebra. --- Theorem. --- Topological space. --- Transition function. --- Two-dimensional space. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Zero divisor. --- Zero of a function. --- Zero set. --- Variétés complexes --- Espaces analytiques

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On Knots is a journey through the theory of knots, starting from the simplest combinatorial ideas--ideas arising from the representation of weaving patterns. From this beginning, topological invariants are constructed directly: first linking numbers, then the Conway polynomial and skein theory. This paves the way for later discussion of the recently discovered Jones and generalized polynomials. The central chapter, Chapter Six, is a miscellany of topics and recreations. Here the reader will find the quaternions and the belt trick, a devilish rope trick, Alhambra mosaics, Fibonacci trees, the topology of DNA, and the author's geometric interpretation of the generalized Jones Polynomial.Then come branched covering spaces, the Alexander polynomial, signature theorems, the work of Casson and Gordon on slice knots, and a chapter on knots and algebraic singularities.The book concludes with an appendix about generalized polynomials.

Knot theory --- Knots (Topology) --- Low-dimensional topology --- Knot theory. --- Algebraic topology --- 3-sphere. --- Addition theorem. --- Addition. --- Alexander polynomial. --- Algebraic variety. --- Algorithm. --- Ambient isotopy. --- Arf invariant. --- Basepoint. --- Bijection. --- Bilinear form. --- Borromean rings. --- Bracket polynomial. --- Braid group. --- Branched covering. --- Chiral knot. --- Chromatic polynomial. --- Cobordism. --- Codimension. --- Combination. --- Combinatorics. --- Complex analysis. --- Concentric. --- Conjecture. --- Connected sum. --- Conway polynomial (finite fields). --- Counting. --- Covering space. --- Cyclic group. --- Dense set. --- Determinant. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Diffeomorphism. --- Dimension. --- Disjoint union. --- Disk (mathematics). --- Dual graph. --- Elementary algebra. --- Embedding. --- Enumeration. --- Existential quantification. --- Exotic sphere. --- Fibration. --- Formal power series. --- Fundamental group. --- Geometric topology. --- Geometry and topology. --- Geometry. --- Group action. --- Homotopy. --- Integer. --- Intersection form (4-manifold). --- Isolated singularity. --- Jones polynomial. --- Knot complement. --- Knot group. --- Laws of Form. --- Lens space. --- Linking number. --- Manifold. --- Module (mathematics). --- Morwen Thistlethwaite. --- Normal bundle. --- Notation. --- Obstruction theory. --- Operator algebra. --- Pairing. --- Parity (mathematics). --- Partition function (mathematics). --- Planar graph. --- Point at infinity. --- Polynomial ring. --- Polynomial. --- Quantity. --- Rectangle. --- Reidemeister move. --- Remainder. --- Root of unity. --- Saddle point. --- Seifert surface. --- Singularity theory. --- Slice knot. --- Special case. --- Statistical mechanics. --- Substructure. --- Summation. --- Symmetry. --- Theorem. --- Three-dimensional space (mathematics). --- Topological space. --- Torus knot. --- Trefoil knot. --- Tubular neighborhood. --- Underpinning. --- Unknot. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Whitehead link. --- Wild knot. --- Writhe. --- Variétés topologiques --- Topologie combinatoire --- Theorie des noeuds

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This book proves an analogue of William Thurston's celebrated hyperbolic Dehn surgery theorem in the context of complex hyperbolic discrete groups, and then derives two main geometric consequences from it. The first is the construction of large numbers of closed real hyperbolic 3-manifolds which bound complex hyperbolic orbifolds--the only known examples of closed manifolds that simultaneously have these two kinds of geometric structures. The second is a complete understanding of the structure of complex hyperbolic reflection triangle groups in cases where the angle is small. In an accessible and straightforward manner, Richard Evan Schwartz also presents a large amount of useful information on complex hyperbolic geometry and discrete groups. Schwartz relies on elementary proofs and avoids "ations of preexisting technical material as much as possible. For this reason, this book will benefit graduate students seeking entry into this emerging area of research, as well as researchers in allied fields such as Kleinian groups and CR geometry.

CR submanifolds. --- Dehn surgery (Topology). --- Three-manifolds (Topology). --- CR submanifolds --- Dehn surgery (Topology) --- Three-manifolds (Topology) --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Geometry --- 3-manifolds (Topology) --- Manifolds, Three dimensional (Topology) --- Three-dimensional manifolds (Topology) --- Cauchy-Riemann submanifolds --- Submanifolds, CR --- Low-dimensional topology --- Topological manifolds --- Surgery (Topology) --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Arc (geometry). --- Automorphism. --- Ball (mathematics). --- Bijection. --- Bump function. --- CR manifold. --- Calculation. --- Canonical basis. --- Cartesian product. --- Clifford torus. --- Combinatorics. --- Compact space. --- Conjugacy class. --- Connected space. --- Contact geometry. --- Convex cone. --- Convex hull. --- Coprime integers. --- Coset. --- Covering space. --- Dehn surgery. --- Dense set. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Diameter. --- Diffeomorphism. --- Differential geometry of surfaces. --- Discrete group. --- Double coset. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Equation. --- Equivalence class. --- Equivalence relation. --- Euclidean distance. --- Four-dimensional space. --- Function (mathematics). --- Fundamental domain. --- Geometry and topology. --- Geometry. --- Harmonic function. --- Hexagonal tiling. --- Holonomy. --- Homeomorphism. --- Homology (mathematics). --- Homotopy. --- Horosphere. --- Hyperbolic 3-manifold. --- Hyperbolic Dehn surgery. --- Hyperbolic geometry. --- Hyperbolic manifold. --- Hyperbolic space. --- Hyperbolic triangle. --- Hypersurface. --- I0. --- Ideal triangle. --- Intermediate value theorem. --- Intersection (set theory). --- Isometry group. --- Isometry. --- Limit point. --- Limit set. --- Manifold. --- Mathematical induction. --- Metric space. --- Möbius transformation. --- Parameter. --- Parity (mathematics). --- Partial derivative. --- Partition of unity. --- Permutation. --- Polyhedron. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Projectivization. --- Quotient space (topology). --- R-factor (crystallography). --- Real projective space. --- Right angle. --- Sard's theorem. --- Seifert fiber space. --- Set (mathematics). --- Siegel domain. --- Simply connected space. --- Solid torus. --- Special case. --- Sphere. --- Stereographic projection. --- Subgroup. --- Subsequence. --- Subset. --- Tangent space. --- Tangent vector. --- Tetrahedron. --- Theorem. --- Topology. --- Torus. --- Transversality (mathematics). --- Triangle group. --- Union (set theory). --- Unit disk. --- Unit sphere. --- Unit tangent bundle.

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This book provides the first unified examination of the relationship between Radon transforms on symmetric spaces of compact type and the infinitesimal versions of two fundamental rigidity problems in Riemannian geometry. Its primary focus is the spectral rigidity problem: Can the metric of a given Riemannian symmetric space of compact type be characterized by means of the spectrum of its Laplacian? It also addresses a question rooted in the Blaschke problem: Is a Riemannian metric on a projective space whose geodesics are all closed and of the same length isometric to the canonical metric? The authors comprehensively treat the results concerning Radon transforms and the infinitesimal versions of these two problems. Their main result implies that most Grassmannians are spectrally rigid to the first order. This is particularly important, for there are still few isospectrality results for positively curved spaces and these are the first such results for symmetric spaces of compact type of rank ›1. The authors exploit the theory of overdetermined partial differential equations and harmonic analysis on symmetric spaces to provide criteria for infinitesimal rigidity that apply to a large class of spaces. A substantial amount of basic material about Riemannian geometry, symmetric spaces, and Radon transforms is included in a clear and elegant presentation that will be useful to researchers and advanced students in differential geometry.

Radon transforms. --- Grassmann manifolds. --- Grassmannians --- Transforms, Radon --- Differential topology --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Integral geometry --- Integral transforms --- Adjoint. --- Automorphism. --- Cartan decomposition. --- Cartan subalgebra. --- Casimir element. --- Closed geodesic. --- Cohomology. --- Commutative property. --- Complex manifold. --- Complex number. --- Complex projective plane. --- Complex projective space. --- Complex vector bundle. --- Complexification. --- Computation. --- Constant curvature. --- Coset. --- Covering space. --- Curvature. --- Determinant. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Diffeomorphism. --- Differential form. --- Differential geometry. --- Differential operator. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dot product. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Einstein manifold. --- Elliptic operator. --- Endomorphism. --- Equivalence class. --- Even and odd functions. --- Exactness. --- Existential quantification. --- G-module. --- Geometry. --- Grassmannian. --- Harmonic analysis. --- Hermitian symmetric space. --- Hodge dual. --- Homogeneous space. --- Identity element. --- Implicit function. --- Injective function. --- Integer. --- Integral. --- Isometry. --- Killing form. --- Killing vector field. --- Lemma (mathematics). --- Lie algebra. --- Lie derivative. --- Line bundle. --- Mathematical induction. --- Morphism. --- Open set. --- Orthogonal complement. --- Orthonormal basis. --- Orthonormality. --- Parity (mathematics). --- Partial differential equation. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Projective space. --- Quadric. --- Quaternionic projective space. --- Quotient space (topology). --- Radon transform. --- Real number. --- Real projective plane. --- Real projective space. --- Real structure. --- Remainder. --- Restriction (mathematics). --- Riemann curvature tensor. --- Riemann sphere. --- Riemannian manifold. --- Rigidity (mathematics). --- Scalar curvature. --- Second fundamental form. --- Simple Lie group. --- Standard basis. --- Stokes' theorem. --- Subgroup. --- Submanifold. --- Symmetric space. --- Tangent bundle. --- Tangent space. --- Tangent vector. --- Tensor. --- Theorem. --- Topological group. --- Torus. --- Unit vector. --- Unitary group. --- Vector bundle. --- Vector field. --- Vector space. --- X-ray transform. --- Zero of a function.