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Russia, under both the Soviets and Vladimir Putin, is in a struggle with Western civilization, and has conducted influence campaigns to weaken and undermine the West from within. This study of influence campaigns waged against the West by the Soviet Union and now by Russia under President Vladimir Putin is intended to present a detailed overview and analysis of the various influence campaigns. Methods and means employed by the Soviet Union included active measures, disinformation, propaganda, controlled international front groups, agents of influence, forgeries, and reflexive control. Campaign themes are examined, and two key campaigns against NATO deployment of the neutron bomb and intermediate-range nuclear force are analyzed as case studies of a successful and failed campaign. The influence campaigns waged by President Putin against the West combine time tested methods with new information age techniques not available during the Soviet era including internet trolls, social media, information warfare, and cyber operations. Both similarities and differences exist in the execution and objectives of influence campaigns conducted by the Soviet Union and Putin’s Russia.

PROPAGANDA, RUSSIAN --- DISINFORMATION--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) --- DISINFORMATION--USSR --- USSR--FOREIGN RELATIONS --- RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS --- Politics --- anno 2000-2009 --- anno 1980-1989 --- anno 1960-1969 --- anno 1950-1959 --- anno 2010-2019 --- anno 1970-1979 --- anno 1990-1999 --- Russia --- Polemology