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Land degradation --- Degradation, Land --- Environmental degradation
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Forests cover nearly one-third of the terrestrial surface and support life with energy, raw materials, and food and offer a range of services ranging from biodiversity conservation to climate regulation. The realization of this goods and services depends on the health of these pristine ecosystems. Forest degradation diminishes the utilitarian and ecosystem potentials of the forest and assessing this at local and global scales is draught with complexities and challenges. Recently, climate change has been identified as a major factor of forest degradation across the globe. Although native forests may be adapted to disturbances to a critical threshold level, the intensification of the stress will move the forests in a new trajectory. Evaluating the cause-effect relationship of forests and climate also play determinable roles in the forest-climate loop. Such analysis is critical in identifying the factors of degradation and would be crucial in developing strategies for restoring and conserving the forest ecosystems.
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Buildings --- Degradation
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The spatial and temporal variability of the hydro-climate as well as land use and land cover (LULC) changes are among the most challenging problems facing water resources management. Understanding the interaction between climate variability, land use and land cover changes and their links to hydrology, river morphology and ecohydrology in the Dinder and Rahad basins in Sudan is confronted by the lack of climatic, hydrological and ecological data. This book investigated the impacts of land degradation on the Dinder and Rahad hydrology and morphology, and interlinkage to the ecohydrological system of the Dinder National Park (DNP) in Sudan. It used an ensemble of techniques to improve our understanding of the hydrological processes and LULC changes in these basins. This included long-term trend analysis of hydroclimatic variables, LULC changes analysis, field measurements, rainfall-runoff modelling, hydrodynamic and morphological modelling of the Dinder river and its floodplain, with special focus on the Mayas wetlands. Moreover, this research is the first study to investigate the eco-hydrology of the DNP. It is expected that the results of the study will be beneficial to all stakeholders concerned and support decision-making processes for better management of water resources and ecosystem conservation in the area and possibly beyond.
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