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This volume of the Haskins Society Journal furthers the Society's commitment to historical and interdisciplinary research on the early and central Middle Ages, focusing on the Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman, and Angevin worlds. The topics of the essays range from the complexities of landholding and service in England after the Norman Conquest and the place of Portugal in the legal renaissance of the twelfth century, to the purpose and audiences of copies of Anglo-Saxon charters produced by the late medieval community at Bury St Edmunds. There is an investigation of the hitherto overlooked narrative role of material objects in Orderic Vitalis' History, continuing the Journal's investigation of source-specific analyses, together with an exploration of the date and reliability of an important, but neglected, witness to the Norman conquest of Sicily. Other essays look at the longue durée of the ascetic practice of self-flagellation and its emergence in eleventh-century Italy; the place and meaning of religious practices in crusading, using the De expugnatione Lyxbonensi as laboratory; and aural and visual experience in the life and musical opus of Godric of Finchale. Contributors: Howard B. Clarke, Sarah Foot, John Howe, Monika Otter, Daniel Roach, Charles D. Stanton, Susanna A. Throop, André Vitória.

Europe --- Great Britain --- History --- Middle Ages. --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Dark Ages --- History, Medieval --- Medieval history --- Medieval period --- World history, Medieval --- World history --- Medievalism --- A.J. Minnis. --- Confession. --- Confessors' manuals. --- Demographic history. --- Early medieval penance. --- John Baldwin. --- Literary evidence. --- Medieval religious life. --- Penance. --- Penitential and confessors' manuals. --- Peter Biller. --- Sexual in nature. --- William of Auvergne. --- Women.

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The development of high-throughput sequencing has triggered a revolution in the study of ancient DNA. In the last decade, methodological advances have allowed researchers to overcome some of the limits linked to the degradation and preservation of nucleic acids, improving the capacity of recovery and analysis of the ancient molecules. This fact, along with a wider accessibility to the next-generation sequencing platforms, has contributed to increase the number of genomic studies on ancient remains. This Special Issue, titled “Ancient and Archaic Genomes”, collects original research articles that present different methods and aspects of the paleogenetic research applied to anthropological, archaeological, and historic questions. Interestingly, specific regional contexts and cultural aspects previously poorly studied from a genetic point of view are here investigated. This Special Issue, presenting different methodological approaches and applications, will be a useful resource for both students and young researchers who are interested in ancient DNA studies.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- approximate Bayesian computation --- demographic history --- human evolution --- migration --- machine learning --- random forest --- whole-genome data --- ancient DNA --- mitochondrial DNA --- Mongolian horse --- phylogeography --- medieval individuals --- Transylvania --- population genetics --- ancient mitogenome --- Hungarian commoners --- Carpathian Basin --- paleogenomics --- human --- archaeology --- Italy --- Bronze Age --- palaeogenomics --- Neolithic --- multiple burial --- kinship --- phenotypic traits --- n/a

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In the years between the Great Famine of the 1840s and the First World War, Ireland experienced a drastic drop in population: the percentage of adults who never married soared from 10 percent to 25 percent, while the overall population decreased by one third. What accounted for this? For many social analysts, the history of post-Famine Irish depopulation was a Malthusian morality tale where declining living standards led young people to postpone marriage out of concern for their ability to support a family. The problem here, argues Timothy Guinnane, is that living standards in post-Famine Ireland did not decline. Rather, other, more subtle economic changes influenced the decision to delay marriage or not marry at all. In this engaging inquiry into the "vanishing Irish," Guinnane explores the options that presented themselves to Ireland's younger generations, taking into account household structure, inheritance, religion, cultural influences on marriage and family life, and especially emigration.Guinnane focuses on rural Ireland, where the population changes were most profound, and explores the way the demographic patterns reflect the rural Irish economy, Ireland's place as a small part in a much larger English-speaking world, and the influence of earlier Irish history and culture. Particular effort is made to compare Irish demographic behavior to similar patterns elsewhere in Europe, revealing an Ireland anchored in European tradition and yet a distinctive society in its own right.Originally published in 1997.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Ireland --- Households --- History. --- Rural conditions. --- Emigration and immigration --- Population --- Families --- Home economics --- Irish Free State --- Adult. --- Appointee. --- Arthur Balfour. --- Aunt. --- Celibacy. --- Census. --- Charles Stewart Parnell. --- Congested Districts Board (Scotland). --- Corn Laws. --- County Wicklow. --- Demographic history. --- Demography. --- Developing country. --- Dowry. --- Economic power. --- Economic problem. --- Economics. --- Economy of the Republic of Ireland. --- Emigration. --- English Poor Laws. --- Eradication of infectious diseases. --- Eugenics. --- Extreme poverty. --- Family income. --- Famine. --- Fertility. --- Foray. --- Gombeen man. --- Grandparent. --- Great Depression in the United States. --- Great Famine (Ireland). --- Gresham's law. --- His Family. --- Household. --- Housing in the United Kingdom. --- Human overpopulation. --- Immigration to the United States. --- Impediment (canon law). --- Income. --- Internal migration. --- Irish Americans. --- Irish Catholic. --- Irish Poor Laws. --- Laborer. --- Land War. --- Late Marriage. --- Legitimacy (family law). --- Life table. --- Longevity. --- Make A Difference. --- Michael Davitt. --- Moneylender. --- Mortality displacement. --- Mortality rate. --- NEE. --- Nationalization. --- Navvy. --- Nazi propaganda. --- Opportunity cost. --- Oppression. --- Orange Order. --- Outdoor relief. --- Partible inheritance. --- Pauperism. --- Peasant. --- Peat. --- Penal Laws (Ireland). --- Pension. --- Pensioner. --- Plan of Campaign. --- Poor rate. --- Population Matters. --- Population ageing. --- Population decline. --- Population growth. --- Population projection. --- Prevalence. --- Primogeniture. --- Protestant Ascendancy. --- Publican. --- Purchasing power. --- Racial hygiene. --- Remarriage. --- Remittance. --- Rome Rule. --- Rural district. --- Rural housing. --- Scarcity. --- Sibling. --- Social Darwinism. --- Spinster. --- Standard of living. --- Subsistence crisis. --- Tax. --- Thomas Robert Malthus. --- Ultimogeniture. --- United Nations Development Programme. --- Urbanization. --- Western European marriage pattern. --- Workhouse. --- DEMOGRAPHIE HISTORIQUE --- IRLANDE --- CONDITIONS ECONOMIQUES --- 19E SIECLE --- CONDITIONS SOCIALES --- 20E SIECLE

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Forest tree improvement has mainly been implemented to enhance the productivity of artificial forests. However, given the drastically changing global environment, improvement of various traits related to environmental adaptability is more essential than ever. This book focuses on genetic information, including trait heritability and the physiological mechanisms thereof, which facilitate tree improvement. Nineteen papers are included, reporting genetic approaches to improving various species, including conifers, broad-leaf trees, and bamboo. All of the papers in this book provide cutting-edge genetic information on tree genetics and suggest research directions for future tree improvement.

Research & information: general --- early selection --- stomatal characteristics --- water stress --- water relations --- specific leaf area --- Eucalyptus clones --- LTR-retrotransposon --- Ty3-gypsy --- Ty1-copia --- IRAP --- molecular markers --- bamboo --- Phyllostachys --- genetic diversity --- populations structure --- AMOVA --- central-marginal hypothesis --- cline --- Pinaceae --- trailing edge population --- Sakhalin fir --- sub-boreal forest --- gibberellin --- male strobilus induction --- transcriptome --- conifer --- Cryptomeria japonica --- linkage map --- male sterility --- marker-assisted selection --- C. fortunei --- differentially expressed genes --- phenylpropanoid metabolism --- candidate genes --- Camellia oleifera --- leaf senescence --- transcriptome analysis --- senescence-associated genes --- physiological characterization --- cpDNA --- next generation sequencing --- northern limit --- nucleotide diversity --- phylogeny --- In/Del --- SNP --- SSR --- Chinese fir --- heartwood --- secondary metabolites --- widely targeted metabolomics --- flavonoids --- amplicon sequencing --- AmpliSeq --- genomic selection --- Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) --- multiplexed SNP genotyping --- spatial autocorrelation error --- pine wood disease --- resistance to pine wood nematode --- inoculation test --- multisite --- cumulative temperature --- Pinus thunbergii --- Thujopsis dolabrata --- EST-SSR markers --- varieties --- population structure --- pine wilt disease --- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus --- genotype by environment interaction --- Japanese black pine --- variance component --- local adaptation --- silviculture --- seed zone --- tree improvement program --- breeding --- genotype × environment interaction --- mast seeding --- seed production --- thinning --- forest tree breeding --- high-throughput phenotyping --- epigenetics --- genotyping --- genomic prediction models --- quantitative trait locus --- breeding cycle --- Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis --- demographic history --- RAD-seq --- ancient tree --- conservation --- infrared thermography --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- cumulative drought stress --- genetic conservation --- genetic management --- pine wood nematode --- pine wood nematode-Pinus thunbergii resistant trees --- n/a

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An authoritative overview of the concepts and applications of biological demography This book provides a comprehensive introduction to biodemography, an exciting interdisciplinary field that unites the natural science of biology with the social science of human demography. Biodemography is an essential resource for demographers, epidemiologists, gerontologists, and health professionals as well as ecologists, population biologists, entomologists, and conservation biologists. This accessible and innovative book is also ideal for the classroom. James Carey and Deborah Roach cover everything from baseline demographic concepts to biodemographic applications, and present models and equations in discrete rather than continuous form to enhance mathematical accessibility. They use a wealth of real-world examples that draw from data sets on both human and nonhuman species and offer an interdisciplinary approach to demography like no other, with topics ranging from kinship theory and family demography to reliability engineering, tort law, and demographic disasters such as the Titanic and the destruction of Napoleon's Grande Armée. Provides the first synthesis of demography and biology Covers baseline demographic models and concepts such as Lexis diagrams, mortality, fecundity, and population theory Features in-depth discussions of biodemographic applications like harvesting theory and mark-recapture Draws from data sets on species ranging from fruit flies and plants to elephants and humans Uses a uniquely interdisciplinary approach to demography, bringing together a diverse range of concepts, models, and applications Includes informative "biodemographic shorts," appendixes on data visualization and management, and more than 150 illustrations of models and equations

Population biology. --- A0. --- Aunt. --- Baby boomers. --- Biodemography. --- Birth rate. --- Birthday problem. --- Breast cancer. --- Budding. --- Charles Darwin. --- Childbirth. --- Coefficient of relationship. --- Cohort effect. --- Cohort study. --- Compound interest. --- Compression of morbidity. --- Condition index. --- Conservation status. --- Counting. --- Demographic history. --- Demographic transition. --- Demography. --- Epidemiology. --- Estimation. --- Eusociality. --- Evolution of ageing. --- Evolution. --- Exponential growth. --- Family planning. --- Fecundity. --- Female. --- Fertility. --- Force of mortality. --- Generation time. --- Gerontology. --- Gini Index. --- Grandparent. --- Health Transition. --- Heat map. --- Honey bee. --- Infant mortality. --- Interquartile range. --- James Vaupel. --- Lead time bias. --- Leslie matrix. --- Lexis diagram. --- Life expectancy. --- Life extension. --- Life table. --- Local extinction. --- Longevity. --- Longitudinal study. --- Malthusianism. --- Maximum life span. --- Menopause. --- Millennials. --- Monte Carlo method. --- Morbidity Rate. --- Mortality rate. --- Net reproduction rate. --- Nuptial flight. --- Pedigree chart. --- Pedigree collapse. --- Percentage point. --- Poisson distribution. --- Population ageing. --- Population change. --- Population control. --- Population cycle. --- Population decline. --- Population dynamics. --- Population growth. --- Population model. --- Population momentum. --- Population projection. --- Population pyramid. --- Population size. --- Population. --- Prevalence. --- Probability distribution. --- Probability. --- Raw data. --- Remarriage. --- Renewal theory. --- Reproduction. --- Reproductive value (population genetics). --- Risk of mortality. --- Sampling (statistics). --- Sex ratio. --- Standard deviation. --- Sub-replacement fertility. --- Survival analysis. --- Survival rate. --- Swarming (honey bee). --- The Fifth Child. --- Threatened species. --- Total fertility rate. --- Vital rates. --- Will Rogers phenomenon. --- William Erasmus Darwin. --- Year.