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Perseverance (Ethics) --- Steadfastness --- Diligence

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"In this must-read book for anyone striving to succeed, pioneering psychologist Angela Duckworth shows parents, educators, athletes, students, and business people--both seasoned and new--that the secret to outstanding achievement is not talent but a focused persistence called "grit." Why do some people succeed and others fail? Sharing new insights from her landmark research on grit, MacArthur "genius" Angela Duckworth explains why talent is hardly a guarantor of success. Rather, other factors can be even more crucial such as identifying our passions and following through on our commitments. Drawing on her own powerful story as the daughter of a scientist who frequently bemoaned her lack of smarts, Duckworth describes her winding path through teaching, business consulting, and neuroscience, which led to the hypothesis that what really drives success is not "genius" but a special blend of passion and long-term perseverance. As a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, Duckworth created her own "character lab" and set out to test her theory. Here, she takes readers into the field to visit teachers working in some of the toughest schools, cadets struggling through their first days at West Point, and young finalists in the National Spelling Bee. She also mines fascinating insights from history and shows what can be gleaned from modern experiments in peak performance. Finally, she shares what she's learned from interviewing dozens of high achievers--from JP Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon to the cartoon editor of The New Yorker to Seattle Seahawks Coach Pete Carroll. Winningly personal, insightful, and even life-changing, Grit is a book about what goes through your head when you fall down, and how that--not talent or luck--makes all the difference"--

Success --- Perseverance (Ethics) --- Expectation (Psychology) --- Diligence

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Vu le contexte économique difficile que nous vivons actuellement en Belgique avec un taux élevé de chômage (8,6% en Belgique contre 4,5% en Allemagne), le besoin de maintenir un certain niveau d'activité économique et le fait que 300 000 entreprises pourraient être transmises dans les 10 ans à venir (700 000 emplois en jeu), il est essentiel que ces transmissions d'entreprises soient réalisées par des experts pour les préparer au mieux. Faire appel à ces métiers compétents permettra, premièrement, de répondre aux nombreuses questions posées tant par le cédant que par le cessionnaire et, deuxièmement, de maximiser les chances de succès de la transmission.

Pendant le processus d'achat d'une entreprise, il existe une étape capitale : la due diligence. Celle-ci a pour but d'offrir, au cessionnaire, une analyse approfondie de la cible qui lui permettra de prendre la meilleure décision concernant l'achat ou non de la cible en vue. L'acquéreur se doit de connaitre et de comprendre la société cible dans les moindres détails. Il se doit également d'être au courant du risque d'acquisition qu'il pourrait subsister lors de l'achat ou dans le futur. Cette étape du processus est régie par un rapport qui inclut toutes les analyses réalisées sur la cible. Par conséquent, il était opportun de connaitre la plus-value réelle de ce rapport en répondant à la question suivante: « quel est l'impact des résultats du rapport de due diligence d'acquisition sur la négociation et sur l'offre finale d'achat ? » Afin de répondre à cette question, l'avis et l'opinion de nombreux experts du domaine du M&A (Mergers and Acquisitions) ont été mis à contribution en répondant à une étude qualitative sur la question. Il est important de souligner que ces experts proviennent à la fois de sociétés du « big four », que de plus petites structures indépendantes. 

Dans le but de résumer cette mission en quelques mots, on notera qu'il s’agit d’une mission sur mesure qui, d’une part, doit tenir compte des objectifs du cessionnaire, et d’autre part, dont l’importance, l’ampleur et l’usage dépendent d’une multitude d’éléments et à laquelle, il est difficile de mettre en avant une tendance ainsi qu’une règle générale sur l’impact des résultats de ce rapport sur l’offre finale d’achat.

Processus d'acquisition, due diligence, due diligence d'acquisition, due diligence à la vente, due diligence opérationnelle, synergies, deal breakers, engagements et garanties --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Comptabilité & audit

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The purpose of this thesis is to assess the effects of the Covid-19 crisis on the valuation of Walloon SMEs within the framework of acquisition processes. Furthermore, given its close association with valuation, the study also delves into financial due diligence to uncover how the crisis has impacted the financial indicators of Walloon SMEs examined as part of this mission, which contribute to determining a company's value. Through a comprehensive literature review, various hypotheses were formulated, encompassing financial parameters, projections, as well as technical valuation parameters such as EBITDA multiples and discount rates, all influenced by the Covid-19 pandemic. A qualitative study involving interviews with experts in Walloon SME valuation was conducted to compare their viewpoints with the proposed hypotheses. In summary, this thesis concludes that the valuation of Walloon SMEs must consider potential changes in valuation parameters due to the Covid-19 pandemic. However, generalizing the impacts of the pandemic and identifying trends universally applicable to all Walloon SME valuation exercises is complex. Indeed, the Covid-19 pandemic has brought about changes, but these impacts are not similar or convergent for all companies, nor do they have a one-off or lasting impact in all cases, nor are they unanimously shared by all the experts we interviewed.

Covid-19 pandemic --- Walloon SMEs --- Financial due diligence --- Valuation --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Comptabilité & audit

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Due Diligence in International Law identifies due diligence as the missing link between state responsibility and international liability. Acknowledged in all legal fields, it ensures international peaceful cooperation and prevents significant transboundary harm, yet it has thus far not been comprehensively discussed in literature. The present volume fills this void. Kulesza identifies due diligence as a principle of international law and traces its evolution throughout centuries. The no-harm principle, key to identifying responsibility for transboundary harm, focal to international environmental law and applicable to e.g. combating terrorism, follows states’ obligation of due diligence in preventing foreign harm. This obligation, present in various treaty-based and customary regimes is argued to be a principle of international public law applicable to all obligations of conduct.

International obligations --- Government liability (International law) --- Reasonable care (Law) --- Adequate care (Law) --- Carelessness (Law) --- Due care (Law) --- Duty of care (Law) --- Diligence --- Negligence --- Torts --- International claims --- International law --- Sovereignty --- Claims --- International agreements --- Treaties --- Due diligence --- International obligations.